Vol. 13 No. 3 (2020)

В статье представлен анализ влияния факторов производства на экономический рост субъектов Российской Федерации, в том числе Дальневосточных регионов. В методическом плане валовый региональный продукт, рассчитанный производственным методом как валовая добавленная стоимость региона в текущих ценах, является показателем экономического роста региона наиболее не подверженный изменениям. Цель статьи – сравнительный анализ влияния факторов производства на валовый региональный продукт 80 регионов РФ за период 2002–2018 гг., в том числе регионов Дальневосточного федерального округа. Исключены из анализа регионы, резко отличающиеся от прочих особыми условиями жизнедеятельности: города Москва, Санкт-Петербург, автономные округа: Ненецкий, Ханты-Мансийский, Ямало-Ненецкий. Решались задачи подбора факторов производства регионов, характеризующих их показателей; методов приведения показателей факторов в сопоставимые измерители; ВРП в ценах 2002 г.; расчеты интегральных индексов факторов; корреляционный анализ степени влияния факторов на объём ВРП и интерпретация полученных результатов. Научной новизной является применение в работе показателей, по мнению авторов, наиболее характеризирующих факторы производства, определение силы влияния этих факторов на динамику ВРП и сочетание различных методов в сравнительном анализе. Результаты свидетельствуют о гипертрофированном ресурсном характере экономики регионов РФ и Дальнего Востока. Полученные результаты и разработанная база данных могут быть использованы региональными и муниципальными властями, научными и образовательными организациями. ; Ключевые слова: факторы производства, валовой региональный продукт, сопоставимость показателей, ранжирование, корреляционный анализ.

This article discusses development trends of the medical services market in the Russian Federation, studies the structure of medical organizations by the ownership, as well as the structure of paid services to the population for 2015-2018. Trends in the development of medical services market include: increased requirements for the service component of services provided, decrease in the number of comprehensive examinations, increased requirements on the part of patients for the qualifications of medical workers and the manufacturability of medical care, priority of preventive medicine, development of medical tourism, and the enlargement of networks of medical institutions. Development of the market for paid medical services is constrained by a decrease in effective demand, a lack of professional staff to provide medical services, and a lack of incentives to participate in the government programs due to the low level of government tariffs in the compulsory health insurance system for commercial organizations.

В статье представлен теоретический и практический анализ методов научного исследования современных социально-экономических процессов. Приводится сопоставительный анализ традиционных научно-исследовательских методов и нейросетевого анализа как эффективного своевременного способа получения качественных результатов оценки социально-экономических процессов, в том числе показателей цифровой экономики, развития цифровизации в стране. Авторами описываются предпосылки применения нейросетевого анализа деятельности региональных органов государственной власти Хабаровского края по развитию цифровой экономики. В статье раскрываются основные преимущества использования нейронных сетей в ходе регрессионного анализа регионального управления в России и в Хабаровском крае. ; Ключевые слова: субъект РФ, цифровая экономика, социально-экономическая среда региона, нейросетевой анализ.

The article considers conceptual approaches to the development, formation and development of personnel potential of the region, analyzes its growing importance as a vector of economic development, interrelation of human potential, quality of labor resources and the efficiency of labor productivity. The multidimensional complex indicator «quality of life», which characterizes the social development of territories, is considered. The human development index of the country's regions is analyzed, which demonstrates the correlation between the quality of human potential and indicators of socio-economic development of the regions. An approach to the formation of human resources at the regional level is formulated. Factors of the socio-economic development of the region and their impact on the formation of human resources are analyzed.

The article considers the concept of legal consciousness as a category of sociological analysis. Attention is focused on the understanding of legal consciousness, reflected in the works of domestic and foreign social researchers. The relevance of their works as a methodologically significant basis for sociological analysis of legal consciousness of the modern generation of Russian youth is emphasized. The processes of transformation of the Russian society predetermined the crisis of legal consciousness, the consequence of which was a significant manifestation of cases of an exceptionally negative state of legal consciousness in the youth environment. For the purposes of study, it is determined that the features of youth legal consciousness, updated by the classics of sociology, are largely due not only to the imperfection of legal acts in terms of the scope of its rights and obligations, but also to the crisis of social institutions of socialization of the younger generation, the specifics of its individual and group characteristics of consciousness and behavior.

The article analyzes the experience of the Novosibirsk city administration in the development of urban territory, which under the general name of TPS (territorial public selfgovernment) involves, in addition to the councils of TPS, the office of the city administration, district administrations, management campaigns, condominiums, housing and communal services departments, municipal unitary enterprises, business structures of all types, social institutions and the other interested bodies and organizations. The author draws attention to the fact that this practice, despite its effectiveness, does not correspond to the concept of territorial public self-government established by the Federal law 131-FL “On general principles of the organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation”, where it is interpreted as a form of direct democracy, direct participation of the population in the local self-government. The author sees the inconsistency of practice with the provisions of the law in the article of the law, especially in the terms of territorial organization, financial sources, motivation of the population, interaction with the other organizations and local authorities. The practice of implementing TPS in the life of municipalities shows the need to adopt the special Federal law on the territorial public self-government, which would remove all the problems and contradictions mentioned in the article.

On the basis of quantitative and qualitative expert sociological surveys, the article presents a model of anti-corruption education in Russia. This model is formed by seven Социология Рис. 2. Модель антикоррупционного просвещения в России в общественном экспертном мнении main elements: basis, principles, subjects, objects, methods and means, content of materials (semantic orientation), indicators of the effectiveness of anti-corruption education. Comparing the obtained sociological data characterizing these elements with the corresponding elements of the anti-corruption mechanism enshrined in the current regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the authors identified a number of inconsistencies. They concern, first of all, the principles, subjects of implementation of anti-corruption education, as well as indicators for assessing its effectiveness. For example, experts suggest using non-statutory principles of financial support and standardization of materials presented in the framework of such education when conducting anti-corruption education. At the same time, for the optimization of management decisions in the field of anti-corruption education, scientific and practical interest and contradictions identified within the obtained sociological data are of interest. Such contradictions are most clearly traced in relation to the subjects and objects of anticorruption education.

The article is devoted to the analysis of pressing issues of relationship between the actors and agents of social process in the framework of using mobile applications. The author's definitions of the concepts “mobile application” and “mobile application store” are proposed in the article. The authors conducted an empirical data collection, a study of public opinion regarding the use of mobile applications and communication processes in the framework of information exchange. A hypothesis is put forward that economic factors prevail over the social factors in the information society. The authors conclude that the process of interaction of social agents through the mobile application store is of particular interest for sociological science and is relevant for the study of information society.

The article is devoted to an urgent issue, namely, the process of developing crossprofessional competencies as an integral component of social and personal effectiveness and career development of young specialists. The article provides the primary sociological information – the results of a survey of employers conducted by the author (the number of respondents is 178 people), international statistics and the results of world studies (The World economic forum in the future of jobs report 2018, the World economic forum, the Gaidar Forum, etc.). Based on the thorough review and synthesis of the data presented, results of the survey conducted by the author and the analysis of data from one of the largest job search sites and employees in the world - “Head Hunter” about the most frequently requested professional competencies, the author formed the top 15 flexible skills with definitions and structurally meaningful, to which domestic employers are more oriented. The presented list of cross-professional competencies, according to the author of the article, is not exhaustive: modern terms of technical progress, a rapidly changing business environment with the constant changes and changes in the society, powerful shifts in the global market, based on digital technology can affect the list of relevant competencies and it can be changed and supplemented. The author has developed and proposed the competency development algorithm, allowing realize a personalized educational trajectory, an integrated approach to the development of cross-professional competences. The presented algorithm can be used both by the educational institutions implementing higher and continuing education programs, and by the modern organizations in the context of adaptation and staff training.

The article is devoted to the issues related to the phenomenon of “aging society”. The relevance of creating a barrier-free environment for the elderly is dictated by the current demographic trend towards an increase in life expectancy, an increase in its quality. The number of centenarians with functional impairments (senile dementia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s) who require care at a qualitatively new level is increasing. Innovative form of organizing the leisure of the elderly «Kindergarten for the elderly people» is considered as one of the ways to solve the problem. Based on the data of a study conducted by the Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education of the Far-Eastern state medical university of the Ministry of Health of Russia in 2020, identified the need to create a social institution «Kindergarten for the elderly people». The article notes the need for older people to adapt to the changing conditions of their life in the society saturated with gadgets and information.

The article considers the institutional aspects of inclusive education as a social institution, describes its basic concepts, features and characteristics. Entering inclusive education in the Russian Federation is revealed through an analysis of the normative legal framework and it is concluded that a sufficient legal framework has been created for the integration of children with disabilities and disabilities into the field of education. Based on the analysis of statistical information and secondary analysis of sociological data, the author notes: the tendency to increase the number of children with HIA and disability in the total number of students in general education institutions of the Russian Federation, including in the federal districts; The tendency of positive dynamics of tolerance towards these social groups of children on the part of society and, in particular, young people.

The article assesses prospects of the Russian-Korean cooperation and analyzes risks and opportunities of the trilateral energy projects on the Korean Peninsula. The author noted that energy sector is the key area of bilateral cooperation between Russia and the Republic of Korea, but it’s mainly represented by the trade in primary energy resources. The study identified the export potential of Russian hydrocarbons to the market of the Republic of Korea. As for the DPRK, the paper shows that within bilateral relations geopolitical interests prevail over the economic ones. The small capacity of the DPRK's domestic market and the absence of fixation sources do not allow considering it as an independent full-fledged market for the Russian energy resources. The main goal of the energy strategy of Russia and the Russian Far East is increasing the volume of exports of the primary energy resources to the APR countries. Russian prospects for the new product niches in the energy markets of the Republic of Korea are associated with the implementation of trilateral energy projects among Russia, the DPRK Социально-экономическое сотрудничество стран Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона and the Republic of Korea. It includes creation of the interstate power transmission lines and construction of a gas pipeline. All parties are interested in these projects. As for Russia, it is primarily the expansion of energy exports, including occupation of the commodity niches in new markets, and strengthening of the political role in the region. As for the Republic of Korea, these projects mean diversification of supplies and costs’ reduction of the import energy resources. And as for the DPRK, these projects imply an additional source of financing (as payment for transit), improvement of the country's energy infrastructure and reduction of the deficit of energy resources. Despite the prospects, the author determined that in the near future implementation of the projects is unlikely due to the unresolved transit risks.

In the article, based on the analysis of theoretical and empirical studies, the features of integration processes in the Asia-Pacific region are determined, and the economic potentials of the large trade blocks in the sub-global economy are compared. The author shows that the noticeable results of the trade and economic ties expansion between the key countries of the Asia-Pacific region became possible by the production fragmentation and the trade barriers reduction. The assessment indicated that the weighed import duty in the trade interactions between the Asia-Pacific countries was characterized by the lower values compared to the other countries. The Asia-Pacific countries have a hidden potential for trade barriers increasing. It is shown that the main reason of the trade agreements expansion between the Asia-Pacific countries is to avoid the negative consequences of non-participation in such agreements. In the terms of economic, demographic and trade scales, the comparative potentials of various mega-formats in the Asia-Pacific region are shown. The author shows that only one trade mega-format was created in the sub-global economy, because the contradictions between the Asia-Pacific countries. The lack of mutual initiatives for a free trade zone creation between the United States and China significantly slows down the integration processes in the AsiaPacific region. It is shown that in the long term, Russia may face a competitive choice in integration with the Asia-Pacific countries, which can join either the “pro-American” or “proChinese” large trade blocs.

Against the background of negotiations crisis within the World Trade Organization framework, as well as increasing competition in the world markets, an important element of the state's economic policy is the integration component. The Russian Federation has chosen the deepening of integration interactions within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) as a priority direction in this area. To improve the efficiency of trade integration, it is necessary to increase the total market size. Since the EAEU market has not yet reached the indicators of the other large integration associations (the European Union, etc.), the Union’s members need to conclude agreements with the third countries. The most interesting option in this regard is the rapidly developing Asia-Pacific region (APR). On the basis of results of the free trade agreement between the EAEU and Vietnam the article discusses the integration prospects of the Eurasian block and the Asia-Pacific countries. There are two scenarios: the conclusion of bilateral agreements with the individual regional states and negotiations with the regional integration associations. It was concluded that it is advisable to deepen the integration processes with the main trading partners in the Asia-Pacific region separately, or to conclude a general agreement with the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), whose members are almost all the most important states for EAEU (in trade terms) in the region. However, in order to become a full-fledged participant in the negotiations, it is first necessary to sign such an agreement with the ASEAN countries. The results can be used in the economic model development of Russia's integration into the world system and in assessing the prospects for implementation of the national integration strategy.

The subject of this study is formation and effectiveness of measures of the state support for development of the economy of the Far-Eastern federal district of the Russian Federation. The article discusses measures of investment, infrastructural and financial support for the economic entities and the social sphere of the Far East, which have been formed in the recent years under the influence of the goals of its development, the structural transformation of the economy of the Far-Eastern regions and external challenges caused by financial and economic crises. Particular attention is paid to the measures of state support for development of the investment activities in the Far East, financial support for small and medium-sized businesses, as well as support for the economy in connection with the new challenges related to the coronavirus pandemic. The qualitative difference in external challenges, crisis phenomena associated with the economic, financial reasons, as well as the causes of the crisis caused by a viral pandemic require constant transformation and development of mechanisms and measures to support the economy. Difference in the reasons entails fundamental differences in the means of ensuring recovery growth. It is shown that the constant adjustment and readjustment of measures to support the development of the Far Eastern economy and business, the variety of measures proposed to accelerate the development of the economy and create a new quality of life for the population of the Far East did not become a driver of accelerated growth. New challenges can become a platform for the further transformation of structure of the Far-Eastern economy and make it necessary to adjust the priorities, tools and measures to support development of the Far-Eastern economy.

The Far-Eastern federal district today is characterized by one of the lowest indicators of economic development. Maintaining the socio-economic system of the region requires substantial resources from the state. Specificity of the region determines the need to apply special management decisions. The tools for stimulating the regional economy include priority development of the territories, the free port of Vladivostok, regional investment projects etc. These instruments have been implemented since 2014 as a part of the «new model» of regional development. Organization of the new production facilities and expected growth in the export volumes will require development of the region's transport system. The «new model» of economic development of the Far East formulates a new task for the development of transport system, including new goals, projects, spatial aspects of the development of transport infrastructure and vehicles. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the economic effects of a new model for development of the Far East in the transport system. Using the standard methods for analyzing statistical information, dynamics of the transport indicators of the FarEastern federal district and the directions of state support for the creation of infrastructure in the period 2015-2019 are considered. It was revealed that the development of transport infrastructure for the companies-residents of the territories of advanced development does not have a significant impact on the overall dynamics of the transport network of the Far East. The projects implemented in the terms of transport infrastructure are of a local nature and are designed to meet the needs of individual enterprises through the creation of small sections of roads and railways. The main direction of influence the applied measures of the state support will have on the transport accessibility of the deposits of the region within the framework of regional investment projects. Thus, the «new model» for the development of the Far East actually supports and strengthens the existing transport and transit model of the regional economy.

The current stage of implementation of national projects envisages a significant breakthrough in the provision of public goods aimed at ensuring the high social standards in the field of demography, health care and quality of life. The problems of shortages, physical and moral deterioration of social infrastructure facilities, together with the negative consequences of demographic, economic and environmental crises, form the demand of society for modernization and reproduction of modern systems for the provision of vital goods and services of high quality and optimal accessibility for all segments of the population. Geographical remoteness, difficult climatic conditions, low population density and significant dispersion of settlements in the Khabarovsk territory require increased attention to the creation of social infrastructure facilities as close as possible to consumers. Assessment of the potential scale of social infrastructure development in the context of implementation of national projects and possibility of achieving socially acceptable standards for the provision of socially significant services to the population is the purpose of this work. The article considers the dynamics and spatial distribution of population of the Khabarovsk territory in the context of municipalities. Дальний Восток: новые стратегии и модели развития There is a problem of sparsely populated population, which, together with the remoteness and weak development of municipal transport infrastructure, provokes a low level of access to the social services, effectively isolating part of population from the vital benefits. On the basis of municipal statistics in the Khabarovsk territory, the dynamics, scale and level of health care development are analyzed, as well as within the regional differentiation of population access to the medical care and medical services. Assessment of the perspective population, volumes and capacities of medical institutions in the municipalities of the Khabarovsk territory was made, taking into account the construction of health facilities in accordance with the national projects and regional development programs until 2024. As a result of this study, additional characteristics and quantitative estimates were obtained, indicating a low rate of renewal and modernization of the social infrastructure facilities, as well as impossibility of achieving the targets set in the national projects to ensure the high social standards under the condition of the projected population growth in the Khabarovsk territory.

This article analyzes effectiveness of this national project (hereinafter referred to as NP) in the territory of the Jewish autonomous region included an assessment of the degree of implementation of tasks and achievement of the targets in accordance with the level of delivery of funds allocated for their achievements under 5 regional projects (hereinafter RP). The target of NP-wide in the region are 71,7%, the lowest percentage of implementation of the objective reasons is given by regional projects related to increasing SMEs’ access to financial support – 5,17% and creating a system to support farmers – 72%. Factors preventing acceleration of small and medium- sized businesses in the Jewish autonomous region have also been identified. Analysis of the dependence of degree of achievement of the regional project targets and the percentage of delivery of funds allocated for their achievement showed a weak correlation. This article outlines the prospects for implementation of regional projects in the Jewish autonomous region within the framework of national project focused on the entrepreneurship development.

The goal of creating a network of innovative territorial clusters in the regions of Russia is to increase business competitiveness by using the potential of geographical proximity of production, scientific, educational, and infrastructure organizations. The cluster of aircraft and shipbuilding of the Khabarovsk territory is formed on the basis of defense industry enterprises producing products that are competitive in the world markets. As the foreign practice shows, the fulfillment of orders for the creation of high-tech military equipment can become the basis for the subsequent development of innovative systems. The enterprises of aircraft and shipbuilding of the Khabarovsk territory show high rates of modernization and increase in the products sales. Around the core of the cluster, a belt of small innovative companies begins to form. Innovative infrastructure institutions are being created: business incubator, engineering centers. In the future, this makes it possible to implement the concept of the Regional Innovation System in the Khabarovsk territory.