Vol. 13 No. 4 (2020)

The article examines the measures and results of the implementation of government strategies, programs, concepts adopted in the period 2009-2019. and aimed at the development of the subjects of the Far-Eastern federal district for the period up to 2025. Monitoring of indicators of demography of the population, living standards and development of social infrastructure was carried out. A comparative analysis of the actual and program indicators of development, as well as the responses of the socio-demographic system of the region to institutional innovations in the period 2009-2019 has been carried out. It has been established that, despite the abundance of adopted documents and a significant number of developed and applied measures, the achievement of the set goals, in any case, to maximize the population, has not been achieved. It is shown that the intensity of reproduction of social infrastructure facilities remains low, which weakly contributes to overcoming negative migration dynamics. The necessity of adjusting measures of state regulation in the field of social development and creating a comfortable living environment has been substantiated.

Reducing the level of interregional differentiation is one of the problems in spatial development management according to the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation. Presence of significant regional imbalances hampers formation of a common economic, social, cultural, and institutional space and lead to a creation of backward territories which lag behind in the development. The focus of public policy measures on the centers of economic growth, with the concentration of financial and labor resources, without solving the problems of backward territories does not bring the expected effect – overall development and well-being. Local effects in the absence of positive changes in other territories result in the increase in imbalances, which limit the overall effectiveness of the public policy. At the same time, a steadily increasing lag may cause a loss of potential of economic growth and thus forms backward territories. The creation of territorial backwardness is a gradual process. Therefore, diagnosing the state of the territory and identifying the signs of increasing depression is an essential issue of public administration. The article presents the main approaches to the definition of territorial backwardness used in the Russia and overseas, it also reviews the determinants of backward territories. Different methods for identification of backwardness in the territorial development have been tested on the basis of the regions of the Russian Far East.

Understanding the processes of decentralization of the economy in the federal state as one of the possible sources of economic development is discussed. This understanding requires the revision of implications that the formation and implementation of a policy of relations between the federal center and the regions entails. The goal of our present research is to develop an approach that will help assess the impact of the nature of relations between the federal center and the regions on economic growth. Theoretical and methodological basis of this study is formed by a set of scientific concepts in the field of economic federalism and spatial analysis. Basing on the index method (by determining the values of decentralization of regional incomes and expenditures) and the implementation of positioning, an assessment was made of the relationship between decentralization and economic growth by such resulting parameter of development of the territory as the “growth rate of the gross regional product” and the parameter characterizing the development of federalism relations in the country as “the level of economic decentralization”. According to the calculations we prove there is a positive effect of decentralization processes on regional economic growth in the analyzed time interval. There is a greater impact on the processes of decentralization of the indicator of income decentralization compared to the decentralization of expenses. The results of our research can be used in the work of federal authorities in the formation of the regional component of federalism policy. It seems the proposed approach can be the basis of research related to the determination of main directions of relations between the regions and municipalities.

The article assesses the state of the heat economy of the Northern region. The purpose of the article is to reveal the reasons for chronic backwardness of the region's industry from the average Russian indicators. To achieve the goal, solved the following problems: the features of heat economy in the North, analyzes the housing development, production and consumption of heat energy, as the sources of heat energy and heat networks, and also reforms in the heat economy of the region, based on which conclusions on assessment of the heat economy of the region. In recent years, there has been a twofold decrease in the rate of renewal of fixed assets of the heat economy against the norm, low rates of introduction of the resource-saving technologies in the heat economy, and in general, in the housing and communal services of the region. The level of marginal balance of supply and demand in the heat energy market is determined. The article is written to correct the decisions of the Federal and regional Executive authorities in terms of ensuring the reliability of heat economy of the Northern region.

Институты развития являются важным современным инструментом государственного регулирования экономики во всех развитых странах. Система институтов развития Российской Федерации включает в себя институты развития федерального и регионального уровней. К ключевым федеральным институтам развития относятся такие известные государственные корпорации как инвестиционный фонд Российской Федерации, государственная корпорация «Банк развития и внешнеэкономической деятельности (Внешэкономбанк)», государственная корпорация «Российская корпорация нанотехнологий» и др. В субъектах Российской Федерации действует порядка 200 региональных институтов развития. Перед всей этой системой институтов развития до настоящего времени ставились задачи преодоления так называемых «провалов рынка», которые не могут быть оптимально реализованы рыночными механизмами, содействие устойчивому экономическому росту страны или отдельного региона. В ноябре 2020 года Правительством Российской Федерации было объявлено о реформе системы институтов развития в стране. В статье анализируются цели и основные направления заявленной реформы. На примере системы институтов развития Дальнего Востока предпринята попытка оценить ее возможные последствия. ; Ключевые слова: институты развития, национальные приоритеты развития, государственное управление, Дальний Восток, Министерство по развитию Дальнего Востока и Арктики, подведомственные организации.

The relevance of the topic is connected with the involvement of population in solving the problems of the municipality on the basis of participation of the local governments in the implementation of national and relevant regional projects to improve the quality of life of population of the municipality. The article presents an analysis of participation in the implementation of regional projects of the local self-government bodies of urban districts and municipal districts of the Khabarovsk territory. The main organizational and legal forms of their participation are described, priorities of participation in the implementation of national projects are determined. Analysis of the activity of local governments and population of the studied municipalities in the implementation of regional projects was carried out. According to the results of the study, conclusions were made about the insufficient level of inclusion of local authorities in the implementation of national projects, since in some cases it is not about the participation of local authorities in the implementation of regional projects, but about the implementation of regional projects in the territory of the municipality.

Currently, the share of insurance (in all its forms) in the Far-Eastern federal district from the all-Russian one is less than one percent. The share of insurance in the production sector for the Far East is very small, despite the fact that the region's industry is represented by a number of enterprises whose activities are potentially dangerous to the environment, and the mechanism of insurance of hazardous industries is poorly studied, both in the Far-Eastern federal district and in the Khabarovsk territory. At the same time, modern programs for the development of the Far East and the Khabarovsk territory suggest the development of industry in the region, which is also associated with hazardous industries. One of the tools for monitoring and improving the safety of dangerous objects is timely insurance. The article considers the main challenges for the insurance of hazardous industries in the region, the issues of insurance development related to improving safety at hazardous facilities, and the indirect impact on improving the quality of life in the region.

The work examines the process of institutionalization of self-regulation in Russia. Modern economic conditions require the introduction of new mechanisms for regulating public relations, based on the independence and initiative of participants, and reducing state interference in the activities of economic entities. In this regard, self-regulation is opposed to the state regulation. Despite the fact, that introduction of the self-regulation is a strategic state task, this institution continues to be poorly developed, inefficient and unable to increase the competitiveness of the Russian economy. The purpose of the study is to analyze the institutionalization of self-regulation in the field of entrepreneurial activity and its impact on the process of formation of civil society in Russia. The author analyzed the process of institutionalization of self-regulation in Russia, highlighted the key legal problems, revealed the fundamental legal categories that define the new vector of regulation of entrepreneurial activity. In his work, the author analyzes the legislated model of self-regulation, and confirms that the process of institutionalization of self-regulation has not yet been completed, due to the fact that a positive social effect has not been achieved, the achievement of which is aimed at the activities of self-regulatory organizations. The work proposes amendments to the current legislation, which can strengthen the position of self-regulation as a social institution of civil society.

ublic-private partnership (PPP) in the conditions of the set strategic tasks by the President of the Russian Federation until 2030 can become one of the sources of attracting financial resources for implementation of the large-scale projects. In this regard, it is relevant to systematize the forms of PPPs and the scope of their application. Based on a study of different views on the essence of PPP, as well as taking into account the development of public administration in Russia, the author proposed the use of public-public-private partnership as a form of development of cooperation between the state, private business and society. The polyformism of PPPs is reflected in the presented classification. Based on the analysis of PPP development in the regional context, hypothesis on the correlation between the level of PPP and the socio-economic development of the subject of the Russian Federation was confirmed.

The article represents the results of study of motivation of the civil servants in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The goal was to identify the features of motivation of womenofficials, considering specifics of their work activities. The survey was carried out in three stages from 2015 to 2018. At the first stage were interviewed 274 officials, at the second – 260, at the third – 130. It was found that although non-monetary motives have less significant for all republican officials, for women these motives retained their significance throughout the study period while for men in the terms of organizational uncertainty the significance of personal income has increased. As the leading attracting motive, womenemployees indicated the possibility of personal self-realization (career progression and professional development), as the motive that hold them in public administration – the stability of employment and the opportunity to realize their managerial competencies. As the main demotivating factor they indicated the lack of career growth. After the reorganization, women-officials were demotivated more than men-officials, despite the fact that at the beginning of the study, their loyalty was higher. In our opinion, the reason for this is that the motivational measures in the republic were aimed mainly at increasing the salary that did not match the expectations of women-officials. So, further planning of motivational activities in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) should pay more attention to measures aimed at reducing the labor intensity and at realizing managerial competencies.

The article presents an analysis of the state and problems of implementing the socioeconomic rights of population of the Khabarovsk territory as a priority area for reducing poverty. Attention of the authorities was drawn to the situation of poverty in a number of northern municipalities, where the population is experiencing difficulties in realizing their socio-economic rights due to the lack of jobs. Concern was expressed about the socio-economic rights of persons released from the places of deprivation of liberty. The Commissioner for human rights in the Khabarovsk territory, taking into account the study of situation in the region, sets out his vision for solving the problem of reducing poverty in the Khabarovsk territory and makes proposals that, in his opinion, can be used by the regional state authorities to achieve the indicators set by the President of the Russian Federation.

The article substantiates the need to form a positive image of the Khabarovsk territory as a coordinating factor and a mechanism for strategic development, presents theoretical and technological approaches that determine the content and algorithm of management and research activities to determine the model of an effective image policy of the Khabarovsk territory, taking into account its needs and resource capabilities. Recommendations were formulated for the possible formation of a model of the image policy of the Khabarovsk territory on two grounds: for residents and non-residents, as well as the most appropriate types of brand-image. The research results are analyzed, allowing determines the positive and negative aspects influencing the formation of a favorable perception of the region in accordance with various development goals, the dominant values for the formation of the brand image, as well as information content reflecting the interests of consumers of the territorial image policy are proposed. The methodological basis for the implementation of a comprehensive sociological research and expert analysis is presented.

The article deals with the problem of forming a healthy lifestyle of students, provides statistical data on changes in the health of representatives of this group, provides arguments about the need to form a healthy lifestyle of students as a priority task of social development, through social programs and projects for prevention, preservation and promotion of public health. The article analyzes the directions of implementation of the target municipal program «Preserving and strengthening the health of the population of the Khabarovsk city district for 2015-2020», aimed at maintaining and promoting a healthy lifestyle, and notes both positive aspects and shortcomings in its content. The results of the implementation of the municipal grant project for the promotion of healthy lifestyle technologies in educational institutions of the city are presented. A program for training and training of activists and organizers of healthy lifestyle has been developed and presented. Priority areas for preserving and strengthening the health of students have been identified.

The article is devoted to the questions related to the study of professional development of the university graduates and analysis of the features of professional self-identification, taking into account specifics of the profession being acquired. The study conducted among the graduates of universities in the city of Khabarovsk (future specialists in the socioeconomic professions) took place in the context of pandemic (COVID-19), during a period of increased public and state attention to representatives of such professions as the social work specialists, medical and pedagogical workers. The article illustrates empirical results describing the professional plans of respondents through the eyes of the graduates themselves in the next 5 years (graduates of the Far-Eastern state medical university, the Far-Eastern state university of physical culture). The obtained data actualize the need to pay special attention to the social programs of regional level aimed at consolidating and professional development of specialists in the helping professions.

The current socio-economic situation in the North-Eastern Asia is closely related to overcoming the consequences of unprecedented shocks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the countries of the region. First of all, it determined the widespread practice of forming and implementing operational anti-crisis programs aimed at minimizing the risks of social development. At the same time taking place both on the nationally and globally level a significant change in the conditions of activity has caused the need to adjust strategic development projects, adapt and transform the used socio-economic models to the “new reality”. This process is especially important for the systemic economies of the region (Chinese, Japanese, South Korean), in which active institutional transformations are taking place, aimed at increasing the efficiency of economic development in the new conditions, strengthening the competitive positions of countries in the regional and world markets. The content the strategic institutional project «The Korean New Deal», developed in July 2020, and a comparative analysis of its main provisions with the social and economic government programs implemented in the Republic of Korea in the last decade are examined in the presented article.

С момента создания экспериментальной зоны свободной торговли Китая (Хэйлунцзян) в провинции наблюдается ускоренное развитие трансграничной электронной торговли с Россией. Обладая сравнительными преимуществами в области информационных технологий, провинция Хэйлунцзян способствовала более быстрому становлению интернет-экономики в России, включая Дальний Восток, развитию новых форматов цифровой торговли, в т. ч. трансграничной, совместному продвижению онлайновых таможенных, логистических и финансовых услуг. В статье, которая состоит из четырех частей, рассматривается состояние трансграничной электронной торговли провинции Хэйлунцзян, анализируется развитие её российского направления, выделяются проблемы, а также оцениваются перспективы дальнейшего сотрудничества. В первой части рассматривается состояние торгово-экономического сотрудничества провинции Хэйлунцзян с Россией. Этот регион Китая имеет самую протяженную границу с Россией, и сотрудничество с Россией всегда было одним из главных приоритетов его развития. Вторая часть посвящена основам развития трансграничной электронной коммерции в провинции Хэйлунцзян. В эпоху науки и технологий популярность Интернета значительно возросла, особенно в части роста осведомленности людей о возможности покупок, используя инструментарий Интернета. Учитывая это, провинция Хэйлунцзян также использовала свою промышленную трансформацию для создания новой эры цифровой торговли и улучшения своей экономики. В третьей части анализируются вызовы и проблемы комплексного развития цифровой экономики с трансграничной электронной торговлей провинции Хэйлунцзян с Россией. Автор рассматривает необходимость усилить строительство трансграничной инфраструктуры и сократить время и стоимость трансграничных перевозок, улучшить возможности трансграничных логистических услуг и продвинуть систему гарантий логистики для России. Особо выделена проблема повышения надежности системы онлайновых платежей. В заключении представлены рекомендации по развитию межгосударственного сотрудничества Китая и России, оценены среднесрочные перспективы экономического взаимодействия. ; Ключевые слова: провинция Хэйлунцзян, Россия, трансграничная электронная коммерция, цифровая экономика.

Хабаровский край является основным лесопромышленным регионом Дальневосточного федерального округа. Лесной комплекс Хабаровского края в рамках реализации «новой модели» развития округа является реципиентом применяемых мер государственной политики. Также он находится под воздействием общенациональной отраслевой политики, направленной на увеличение производства продукции с высокой долей добавленной стоимости. Целью статьи является исследование результатов реализации мер государственной политики по развитию лесного комплекса Хабаровского края. Рассмотрены основные инструменты политики регионального развития (территории опережающего социально-экономического развития, свободный порт Владивосток, инвестиционная поддержка инфраструктуры) и отраслевой политики (субсидии, приоритетные инвестиционные проекты, квотирование экспорта необработанной древесины), проанализирована практика их применения в лесном комплексе края в настоящее время. Показано, что влияние перечисленных инструментов государственной политики является неравнозначным по силе их воздействия, направленности, выборе предпочтений со стороны компаний. Выявлено, что зависимость комплекса от конъюнктуры на китайском рынке оказывает влияние на нестабильность параметров функционирования лесного комплекса Хабаровского края, которую не удается компенсировать применяемыми мерами регулирования. Показано, что господдержка направлена создание производств и выход их на проектную мощность и не распространяется на достижение ими проектной окупаемости, что в условиях нестабильности рынка приводит к их убыточности. Необходима государственная поддержка не только на стадии создания инвестиционных проектов, но и осуществления производства и реализации на внешнем рынке продукции деревообработки. Сделан вывод, что дополнение унифицированных общеотраслевых инструментов стимулирования локализованными мерами, ориентированными на региональные особенности производства и специфику рынков сбыта, может обеспечить получение устойчивых результатов в проявлении заложенного инвестиционного потенциала. ; Ключевые слова: государственная политика, лесной комплекс, Хабаровский край, инструменты регионального развития, отраслевые меры поддержки, конъюнктура рынка.

For almost three decades, the problem of the annual decline in the demographic potential of the Russian Far East has not lost its relevance. Joining the list of Russia's national priorities in the 21st century and the active state policy pursued in this regard for the accelerated development of the largest macroregion in the country did not lead to positive changes in the demographic trend. Despite various kinds of preferences for potential Far Easterners, their number does not cover the number of people leaving the Far East. The article analyzes the indicators characterizing the change in the demographic potential of the Far Eastern Federal District in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for a fiveyear period of an active policy of socio-economic development of the macroregion. The main components of the natural movement of the population are considered. It is shown that the Russian Far East is characterized by an all-Russian tendency of a decline in the birth rate, caused by the deformation of the age composition of the population, primarily women of fertile age, changes in the intensity of fertility and its age profile. While comparable to the all-Russian general coefficient, the Far East is characterized by an increased mortality rate among the population of working age. Moreover, during the analyzed period, the gap between the average Russian and Far Eastern mortality rate of the working-age population is growing Дальний Восток: новые стратегии и модели развития for most causes of mortality. The high mortality rate of the working-age population is the main factor in the low life expectancy of the Far East. Comparison of real and predicted estimates of the demographic potential established in the Concept of the Demographic Policy of the Far East and the Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation is carried out. As a result, it was found that the expectations of the future demographic potential of the Far East laid down in the documents significantly exceed the real demographic capabilities of the macroregion and will most likely remain unrealizable.

The article touches upon the changes that happened in demographical development in the regions of asian part of the Russian Federation within the last 30 years. Asian Russia – is 77% of the territory of our country and just 25% of its population. Low population density and spotted allocation of population on this extremely tremendous territory are the problems that have been formed historically. In imperial Russia and in the Soviet Union these problems were solved and the population of eastern regions of the country increased steadily. A demographical switch took place after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The population decreased by 2.2 million people between the population censuses of 1989 and 2010. The shifts in distribution of population and changes in ethnic composition of regions occurred. Despite various development programmes, the share of residents of Russia’s Far East and in general the Far North and the equal-status regions diminished most significantly. The share of the russians decreased in national republics. In order to study these massive processes a net community of scientists, experts working in the fields of migration, history and ethnology, was established. The community was formed under the scope of the project “Ethnodemographical processes in Asian Russia: contemporary state, expectations and risks”. The experts work in 12 regions of Urals Federal District (Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk Region), Siberian Federal District (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Republic of Altai, Omsk and Novosibirsk Regions) and Far Eastern Federal District (The Republic of Buryatia, the Republic of the Sakha (Yakutia), Khabarovsk Krai, Primorski Krai, the Chukotka Autonomous District). Sociological surveys of population, including students, were held in every region in 2020. The surveys were based on common program. Migrational situation, causes and grounds of migrations were evaluated. It seems to be important to analyse ethnodemographical processes at the point of holding the Russian Census.

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the modern migration processes in the Chukotka autonomous region. The source base of this study is statistical materials, published results of the expert and mass surveys among the population conducted in 2018, 2019, 2020 in the cities and villages of the region. The paper presents comparative analysis of the migration situation in the ChAR in different years, identifies the features of the migration processes occurring in the Far North-East of Russia, characterizes the migration attitudes and attitudes towards the migrants of different groups of the region's population.The study identifies the reasons for rapid outflow of the residents of the ChAR in the early 1990th, changes in the structure of the population, including the ethnic one, and describes the current migration situation. High rates of internal migration are the main characteristic feature of the northern territories. During the times of economic growth, there is an increase in migration, in the times of crisis - an intensive decline in the population. Chukotka is characterized by such factors restraining migration as the unfavorable climate, high cost of the air tickets, high cost of the renting housing, and especially payroll. Chukotka is a territory of regulated entry for the foreign citizens, which largely constrains the flow of foreign labor migrants. The results of the polls among the residents of the region show that a significant part of the respondents is generally neutral towards Russian and foreign labor migrants; in general, the population understands the importance of the influx of qualified personnel for the development of the region. The main problem of the demographic development of the PrJSC is the migration outflow, which continues against the background of natural population growth. Currently, the region is experiencing negative dynamics of migration processes.

The article presents the results of a pilot sociological study of migration perceptions of the population, the reasons for their formation, as well as the factors and conditions under which the willingness to live and work in the Khabarovsk Territory is realized. The analysis of the results of the survey, which according to the research methodology was conducted in two target groups (“residents of the region” and “student youth”), indicates the stability and reproduction of migration intentions as a determined willingness and desire to leave the place of permanent residence in the Khabarovsk territory. The sociological approach to the study of migration perceptions of the target groups under study consists in determining the target attitudes, guidelines and expectations from moving, due to the status-role set and personal attitudes of respondents.

n the basis of statistical data and materials of sociological survey, the structure of employment and the level of education of Kyrgyz in the Krasnoyarsk territory were determined in the article. Incompleteness of information about the total number of Kyrgyz in the Krasnoyarsk territory led to the choice of research of intelligence type. 106 people aged 18 to 65 years were interviewed, of which 58 were men (54.7%) and 48 women (45.3%). Of the total number of respondents, 28.3% were students of the Siberian federal university (SFU). Non-random (spontaneous) types of selection were used. As a result of the study, the professional structure of Kyrgyz migrants in the Krasnoyarsk territory was described. The information about areas of their employment available in the special literature was clarified. Widespread opinion that the majority of Kyrgyz in the Krasnoyarsk territory are employed in the field of trade and entrepreneurship has not been confirmed. Men are dominated by unskilled workers (38.5% of respondents) and skilled workers (30.8%). Most women are housewives (35.1%), are employed in unskilled work or work as salesmen (24.3% each). In total, 17.1% of Kyrgyz are employed in the field of trade and entrepreneurship. Most immigrants do not work in their specialty, and many were changed not only their profession, but also the area of their employment. At the same time, the study revealed a positive dynamic in the level of education in the Kyrgyz. From 2010 to 2020, the proportion of people with secondary special and higher education increased among them. This trend has not yet been reflected in the scientific literature and official statistics. The growth of education and good knowledge of the Russian language create the prerequisites for the successful adaptation and integration of Kyrgyz migrants.