Vol. 16 No. 3 (2023)

The article considers peculiarities of the course of economic crises caused by exogenous factors in the isolated regional economic systems. Analysis of the socio-economic situation in the Kamchatka territory was carried out at the end of 2022 in the context of sanctions pressure from the unfriendly countries. The features and factors of the economic crisis of 2022, their impact on the regional economic system have been identified. The results of implementation of anti-crisis measures in the Kamchatka territory and their impact on the indicators of socio-economic development are presented. Strategic priorities for development of the region's economy for the period up to 2035 have been identifi

The article deals with the processes of spatial and economic development and ensuring the geostrategic stability of the North Arctic territories of the Far East at the present stage of cardinal transformations in this area. The author reveals signifi dependencies of solution of these problems on the role of the main elements of critical infrastructure of the region under the study, both nationally and geopolitically, taking into account its cross-border position in the Pacifi sector of the world Arctic. The necessity of developing a special scientifi and applied program as an institutional structure for strengthening the mechanisms for managing these processes in the newly formed North-Eastern mesoregion both in the current and strategic periods of spatial transformations in the region is substantiated.

The article deals with the issues of the Far-Eastern macro-region spatial development in the context of the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation, within which a special role is assigned to the cities. To determine their impact on the nearby territories and the macro-region development level, a comparative assessment of the socio-economic development of municipalities of subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the Far Eastern Federal District was carried out. Despite the fact that cities make a signifi contribution to the regional economy, they have a limited impact on neighboring territories. To identify the reasons for the weak spread of agglomeration effects, an analysis of the city’s spatial location, their contribution to the regional economy was made, and the corresponding conclusions were drawn. Assessment of possible results of the ongoing state policy aimed at the growth centers is given. Possible directions for making managerial decisions and their consequences for the spatial development of the Far-Eastern macro-region are given.

Transformations taking place in the Russian Far East in the recent decades have been accompanied by a signifi reduction in the population associated with the migration outfl and excess of the mortality rate over the birth rate, degradation of the existing settlement system. These trends are especially strong in the northern regions, as well as in the northern part of the territories and regions of the south of the region. The purpose of this work is to assess changes in demographic processes occurring in the settlements of municipalities of the Amur region, equated to the regions of the Far North, to determine the transformations taking place in the current settlement system for the period of 1989-2023. Analysis of the features of development of demographic processes in areas equated to the Far North, taking into account the characteristics of municipalities and the system of settlements that has developed during the development of economic activity, allows us to assess the possibilities of implementing program goals and prospects for the transformation of the settlement system. Assessment of the features of migration and natural movement of population in the municipalities of the north of the region, indicate decline of the population, degradation of its structure. The paper describes the dynamics of population change in settlements of various economic specialization, size and distance from the district center. The role of natural and climatic factors, the peculiarities of the organization of production in the extractive industries is determined. It is revealed that the emerging dynamics of demographic processes is determined by a combination of factors, among which. In addition to natural and climatic conditions, a signifi role is played by the peculiarities of economic activity, the level of development of the complex of social infrastructure in settlements and settlement centers. Obtained results create informational basis for supplementing the developed programs of socio- economic development of municipalities of the northern territories with the defi of prospects for transformations at the level of individual settlements.

The article is a continuation of a cycle of publications devoted to the study of social problems and contradictions of sustainable development of the territories. The authors note that signifi restrictions on the development of economic activity, including agriculture, due to the special nature management regime in the Baikal natural territory, generally hinder the development of the regional economy. In particular, in this article, the authors explore the impact of environmental restrictions on the employment of the rural population as an indicator of the sustainable development of rural areas. The object of study was the Barguzinsk, Pribaikalsk, Kabansk, Severo- Baikalsk districts and the city of Severobaikalsk, within the boundaries of which the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory in the Republic of Buryatia passes. The study used methods of comparative analysis and economic and statistical methods. The information base was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service for 1990-2023. Changes in the basic types of economic activity in terms of the share of the population employed in them are considered. The factors negatively affecting the development of agriculture and other branches of the agro-industrial complex in the region with environmental regulation are determined. Studies have shown that in order to develop agriculture, increase employment in rural areas, and reduce the risk of migration losses, targeted measures are needed to increase the availability of transport and social services. The main conclusions and recommendations can be used by the authorities in development of the programs to promote employment and socio-economic development of the regions.

The study is devoted to the analysis of features and current problems of trade and economic interactions between Russia and China during the COVID-19 pandemic and sanctions against the Russian economy. Based on this analysis, the author identified possibility of cooperation between the economies. It was found that for 2022, China's customs data was reliable for determining the value of Sino-Russian trade. Differentiated response in the costs of transporting goods between these countries during the pandemic was determined: invariant - from China to Russia; more than doubling costs - from Russia to China. The pandemic and sanctions contributed to an increase in exports from China to Russia. It was revealed that the main source of increasing imports from Russia to China was fuel and energy goods, due to an increase in prices and volumes of supplies. At the same time, for the Russian companies, redirection of goods to China was forced, and their subsequent expansion of these goods into the Chinese market requires significant investments. Along with the existing endogenous and exogenous risks, for the Russian companies targeting the Chinese market could generate negative effects from monopsony, as well as a decrease in export revenue. In the future, we can expect: an increase in supplies to Russia by the regional-level Chinese companies, an increase of cross-border trade and a reduction in mutual tariff barriers; development of the Chinese market by Russian business, as well as attracting Chinese investment and expanding settlements in national currencies.

The author analyzed and summarized approaches and methods for assessing the quality of life. Methods for assessing quality of life include indicators of material consumption and social connections. These indicators reflect the contribution of trade and public catering to improving the quality of life. The range of indicators characterizing the consumption of trade and food services is wide. Absolute, relative,structural indicators of consumption, quantitative indicators of the presence of a trading network, and subjective assessment of the quality of services are used. The results of the rating assessment in terms of consumption of trade and food services included in the calculation of the quality of life rating, calculated by VEB.RF (Khabarovsk) and the Agency for Strategic Initiatives (Khabarovsk Territory) indicate a low subjective assessment of quality with relatively high quantitative indicators of consumption and provision of trade area and food outlets in Khabarovsk and the Khabarovsk territory. Regional authorities in their work to improve quality of life should take into account the current results of market transformations in the society.

This article presents the results of sociological research of directions of supplementary education for children and the assessment of their impact on the personal and career-oriented development of younger generation on the example of the Khabarovsk territory. Supplementary education for children is considered by the authors in the context of the concept of «educational space», which is interpreted as a part of society, with its own system of subject-object relations of the state and the other structures for personal and professional education of children and youth. Analysis of the main scientifi approaches to the study of educational space presented in the article gives the authors a reason to use it for sociological research. Empirical results of sociological surveys obtained by the authors and domestic research centers indicate that the all-Russian trend towards increasing the diversity of educational services remains a signifi role in their regional location. Based on the data of sociological surveys of parents and children of different age groups, it is shown that the design of an individual children's educational space depends on many objective conditions and subjective factors in terms of the possibilities of the territory and families. The attitudes of parents, available resources and willingness to make efforts for the personal and career-oriented development of children determine the form and content of the regional supplementary educational space to the greatest extent. The authors consider it expedient to improve the state educational policy in direction of ensuring the quality of conditions and accessibility of classes for each child and success of their personal development and career guidance choice, regardless of the place of residence in the Khabarovsk territory.

The article examines social problems that have arisen in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on changing the population's usual health strategies. Based on a review of different sources, conclusions are drawn that similar social situations associated with infectious diseases have repeatedly arisen in the society. However, at this stage, heads of the governments and international organizations are included in the decision-making process, and implementation of the decisions concerns the overwhelming number of citizens of the world community.Some decisions are restrictive, and some are coercive. The purpose of this article is to consider the extent to which changes in the social situation affect people's behavior, their personal life strategies, in particular health strategies, the reasonableness of making individual decisions in relation to health, their assessments of the epidemic situation, and building relationships with social institutions. The empirical base is the data of our own empirical research, as well as secondary materials. Empirical part of the study is based on data from the author's survey conducted in 2020-2021 (December-March), in Khabarovsk (n-227) and data from sociological survey and materials of the joint analytical report by VTsIOM and ANO “Special Opinion Research Center” (April 2021).

The article presents analysis of problems and prospects of development of the health informatization in the Republic of Buryatia based on the results of the expert survey and SWOT-analysis. The aim of this study is to determine the state and problems of informatization of the health care system of the Republic of Buryatia on the basis of expert assessments and SWOT-analysis and to give an objective assessment of this process. The objectives of the study included following actions: to identify the achievements of informatization of healthcare in the Republic of Buryatia, including during the COVID-19 pandemic; to analyze the problems of informatization of healthcare in the Republic of Buryatia; to conduct a SWOT analysis of informatization of healthcare in the region; to develop scientifi and practical recommendations for the development of informatization of regional healthcare, taking into account advanced world and Russian experience. As a result of comprehensive analysis, the problems and trends of informatization of healthcare in the region have been identifi the necessity of developing state support measures to attract IT specialists to the regional healthcare is substantiated; a SWOT analysis of informatization of the regional healthcare is performed, its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats are identifi The author suggests promising directions for the development of health informatization in the region and specifi scientifi and practical recommendations.

The article examines development of the state policy of Russia in the fi of higher education in terms of attracting foreign students in the period of 2008-138. Relevance of the topic is determined by the need to increase competitiveness of the domestic higher school and the realization of its export potential. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state policy in the fi of higher education to increase the number of foreigners, as an important component of internationalization and export of education. Special attention is paid to internationalization and export of education and the formation of new approaches to public policy in the fi of education under the infl of these trends. The article analyzes a number of state planning documents: the Concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020, the «May decrees» of the President of Russia of 2012 and 2018. These documents have determined the goals and objectives of improving the competitiveness of the Russian higher education. At the same time, the importance attached to the export of education by the Russian leadership is emphasized by a set of projects and programs aimed at attracting the foreigners. In this regard, project approach in the public administration is being investigated in terms of increasing the export of education. The projects «5-100», «Development of the export potential of the Russian education system» and «Export of education» are considered. Based on the analysis, conclusions on the effectiveness of state policy and its promising directions in terms of attracting foreign students are presented.

Limitations of the World Trade Organization system have pushed countries to intensify an independent cooperation agenda through development of bilateral relations outside the WTO. In the international economic space, from the geographical point of view, three basic trade blocs can be identified: the European bloc, the North American bloc and the East Asian bloc, with each having its own way of creating cooperation ties. In East Asia, the Big Three of Northeast Asia (the Republic of Korea, Japan and China) as well as Singapore play leading roles in intensification of cooperative ties. At the same time, Japan was one of the first states in the region that based its cooperation policy on several models that became a template for other East Asian countries. Thus, since 2003 the Republic of Korea has been implementing an FTA strategy and has been applying models of cooperation tested by Japan. Major models include: the «North-South» model, the «Flying Geese» paradigm, the «Core-Periphery» model and the «Hub-and-Spokes» model. It is important to note that models do not function separately, but form integration architecture for the countries, based on the objectives and specifics of cooperative ties. At the same time, the initiator in these forms of cooperation is the corporate sector: for example, keiretsu in Japan and chaebols in the Republic of Korea. Business needs are carried to the state/interstate level and can act as a trigger for establishment of regional trade agreements that allow create vertical and horizontal links determining stability of the international economic structure.

In the article theoretical and practical aspects of implementation of new technologies in the fi of the energy complex on the example of assessing the effect of reducing fuel vapor emissions on the basis of two specialized oil terminal in the Russian Far East are presented. Nowadays insuffi attention is paid to the problem of resource saving, recycling and use of petroleum products. Meanwhile, according to the scientifi publications, the ratio of growth in production and consumption of petroleum products is predicted. In this connection, a signifi expansion of the oil storage will be required and, as a result, solving the problems of increasing the economic effi and environmental safety of storing oil products in various ways, including the method of recovering. There are a diffusion of petroleum and atmosphere, so as a result we have petroleum losses and the negative impact on the environment. The Khabarovsk territory is a main region of the Russian Far East, where the industrial production of petroleum products is carried out. The main facilities for storage and transshipment of fuel are also located here. So, for our region, the issue of reducing the loss of oil products during transshipment and storage is particularly acute. The problem of reducing the loss of petroleum products during transshipment and storage for our region is particularly acute. The results of the research of modern methods to reduce the loss of petroleum products on the example of the introduction of fuel vapor recovery units in the production process of oil terminal can be applied in development and implementation of plans for the construction of new oil depots and modernization of existing not only in the Khabarovsk city but throughout the Russian Federation.