Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021)

Human capital is an integral assessment of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the population. Human capital depends on the economic and social processes in the regions. The results of economic research show that the human consists of two parts: amount population and the qualitative characteristics of the population. The article discusses the problems associated with the formation of a systematic approach to the formation of highlevel human capital. The author analyzes the main research results of the relationship between the characteristics of human capital in Russia as a whole and, in particular, in the Far-Eastern region. The main method for analyzing the data obtained is correlation and regression analysis. The author comes to the conclusion that there is a «helix» of interaction between the level of income of the population and the level of education in the process of forming human capital.

The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of self-employed citizens of the FarEastern federal district. The quantitative effect as a result of introduction of a special tax regime «Tax on professional income» is presented. An assessment of expectations of the local authorities in the regions of the Far East from the introduction of special tax regime is given. A retrospective of status of the self-employed at the legislative level is presented. An assessment of the most rapidly developing spheres of activity of the self-employed is given, an attempt is made to draw up a social portrait of this category of citizens. The analysis of job search activity of the self-employed and their hiring by employers has been carried out. It is shown that as a result of lack of exhaustive concept of the category of «self-employed», enshrined at the legislative level, there is confusion with the selfidentification of persons who consider themselves as self-employed citizens. In addition, there are a number of economic, legal and social problems that the self-employed face today. According to the author, development of the legislative activity in this direction (development of the state support programs, national projects in the field of small and medium-sized businesses, expansion of the rights of the self-employed, etc.), expansion of the economic and sociological research of this category of citizens (in particular, selective observation, compilation an exhaustive social portrait, inclusion of a large social group of self-employed in the social structure of the society) contributes to a more active «exit from the shadows», legalization of implementation of their own activities, overcoming difficulties arising on the way of self-employed, growth of trust in the authorities. The conclusions are formulated on the basis of results of a sociological survey of citizens.

В статье представлен краткий обзор состояния китайско-российского торгово-экономического сотрудничества в условиях пандемии коронавирусной инфекции, охватившей весь мир. На примере регионального сотрудничества провинции Хейлунцзян (КНР) с Россией показано, что под воздействием эпидемии коронавируса произошло снижение товарооборота, при этом Россия сохранила положение главного торгового партнера провинции Хейлунцзян. Показаны результаты и перспективы функционирования пилотной зоны свободной торговли провинции Хейлунцзян. Автором представлена характеристика мер, принятых провинцией и направленных на восстановление и развитие китайско-российского торгово-экономического сотрудничества. Среди них, в частности, выделены меры антиэпидемиологического, организационно-институционального, инфраструктурного характера; показаны примеры положительных результатов реализации этих мер. ; Ключевые слова: эпидемия коронавируса, провинция Хэйлунцзян, Россия, торгово-экономическое сотрудничество.

The article contains an expert opinion on regional development issues reflected in the Message of the President of the Russian Federation of 2021 (hereinafter – the Message). It is noted that the issues of regional development in the Message correspond to the logic of the principles of coordinated functioning and interaction of the bodies included in the public power system. It has been shown that along with social measures, the key idea of the Message is the economic development of the regions. The prerequisites and setting of regional development goals within the framework of the new regional support scheme proposed in the Messageare revealed. The regional block of instructions for implementation of the Message is presented, the implementation of which will ensure the fulfillment of the role of the Message as a document of spatial development and equality of opportunities for the different territories and population groups.

The article in the form of an expert opinion considers a number of aspects contained in the Message of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin to the Federal Assembly. The author emphasizes that strengthening of Russia's position in the international arena consists of combined activities of the all constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The article draws attention to the fact that strengthening positions of the regions and their contribution to the development of the country is a process related to improving interaction between the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the article highlights some aspects that reveal interaction of the federal center and regions in the issues of great and promising international importance. These include: development of the Arctic zone; issues related to environmental protection, especially preservation of the Far-Eastern taiga, solving complexes of the issues related to the great Amur River; development of the Russian part of the Big Ussuri Island. The author emphasizes that special aspect of international issues for this territory of the country is related to the fact that Russia is represented as a whole in the Asia-Pacific region by the Far-Eastern federal district.

The lack of trade services can lead to a decrease in the quality of life of the population, and as a result, the outflow of the population to other regions. It is necessary to assess the dynamics, scale and level of retail trade development in the Khabarovsk Territory, to assess the intraregional differentiation of the population's access to retail trade services. Conclusions are drawn about an increase in the concentration of trade in the cities of Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur, as well as an increase in the differentiation in the consumption of retail trade services in the regions of the region. Areas with insufficient provision of retail space were identified. The directions of state regulation in this matter are proposed.

The article deals with social and political interactions between the population and the authorities. Modern conditions have transferred a significant part of interactions into a virtual environment, which forms new reactive forms of communication between the authorities and the population. The innovative processes taking place in the regions should reflect not only the institutionally set priority directions of development, but also the interests and requests initiated by the local population, and this enhances the reactive nature of interaction. The purpose of the article is to analyze the reactivity of social and political interactions between the authorities and the population in the context of the innovative development of regions (federal districts) of the Russian Federation. The authors analyzed two digital platforms: the Russian Public Initiative (www.roi.ru) and Change.org (www.change.org). They highlighted the topical thematic areas of social initiatives and political petitions in the federal districts and outlined the transformation of social and political interactions in the formation of directions for the implementation of open innovations in the regions of the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion about the coincidence of the topics of the population's requests and the implemented purposeful state strategic project activities, expressed in national projects. In the context of digitalization, the population builds socio-political interactions in the channels and communication tools set by the authorities, and also gets the opportunity to carry out parallel network and cloud communications, which make it possible to form new spaces for interaction with authorities in the country and specific regions. Civic activism and participation in innovation processes are demonstrated by: the growth of digital presence; participation of citizens in the network and «cloud» (including self-organizing) communities; formation of a network environment for discussion and methods of digital interaction with the government institutions in the regions.

The main trends in the field of creative personnel management and the value of innovative culture were the subject of the study. Creative staff and innovation culture are of particular importance due to the need of organization to increase competitive advantages through the development of its innovative potential. The purpose of the work was to analyze trends in the personnel management and study modern approaches to the management of creative personnel, providing the organization with growth, development and innovation. The results of the work: the concepts of creativity, innovation, competitive advantage, organization of an innovative type were investigated and specified, key trends in the HR sphere (in human resource management) were summarized, the roles of personnel managers were understood. The profile of employees of generation Z has been investigated, the logic of motives for the behavior of creative employees has been built. Characteristics of innovative culture based on reproduction of the startup culture values are given. Successful startups (creative teams) are able to optimally combine experimentation, risk and responsibility. It was concluded that the ability to think creatively is a universal human talent. Practical recommendations on HR analytics and the effectiveness of personnel decisions are presented, key directions of the strategy for managing the younger generation Z are specified, the motives for behavior of creative employees are investigated, characteristics of innovative culture that allow the organization built a creative environment are studied.

he article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the families’ reproductive attitudes, as a basis for understanding the complex demographic situation in the country and the Khabarovsk territory, due to a decrease in the birth rate and increase in the natural population decline. Empirical basis of the research was the results of all-Russian and regional sociological studies, as well as psych diagnostic methods of sociological surveys and diagnostics of families in the Khabarovsk territory. On their basis, the author analyzed the following components of reproductive attitude: awareness (cognitive component), attitude towards children (emotional component) and readiness for childbirth (behavioral component).The content of reproductive attitude of the respondent families main components was revealed, their hierarchy was determined, the values of the spouses and their gender characteristics were compared. It was concluded that the family's decision to have children is influenced by a complex of objective (socio-economic) and subjective (psychological) factors, among which the main role is played by the attitude of the spouse and, as a consequence, her position in determining the number of children in the family.

The article presents an analysis of relations between the state, society and business through the prism of reflecting them in the Message of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin in 2021. The author's expert opinion, based on the results of sociological studies at the all-Russian and regional levels, showed that social support measures for the most vulnerable segments of population, much needed in the conditions of coronavirus pandemic, are widely approved in the society, but at the same time can contribute to the preservation of paternalistic and dependent attitudes of a number of Russians. Sociological analysis of measures of state support for small and medium-sized businesses, reflected in the Message of the President of the Russian Federation and its instructions to the authorities, showed that in the conditions of the ongoing wave nature of coronavirus pandemic, the tasks of preserving and supporting business during the crisis period took priority..

Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative sociological surveys of police officers, people's guards, representatives of the scientific community, the state of interaction between the police and the people's guards in the Khabarovsk Territory is analyzed. The author comes to the conclusion that the people's guards can be considered as an effective form of assistance to the police in the protection of public order. The article shows the positive aspects of the interaction between the police and the people's guards, presents some aspects that can be considered as problematic. The latter mainly includes the low interest of the vigilantes to work in the corresponding people's squad. The author shows the reasons that demotivate the people's guards, outlines the ways to improve the interaction between the police and the people's guards in the region.

In the context of pandemic of the new coronavirus COVID-19, which swept the world in 2020, when the world economy was in recession, the Chinese economy, meanwhile, withstood pressure and showed high resilience and greater viability and became the first economy in the world to resume positive growth. A number of effective measures to combat the pandemic and socio-economic development policies contributed to the sustainable recovery of the China's economy. In 2020, despite many adverse factors, the Sino-Russian trade and economic cooperation as a whole maintained stable development with a slight decrease in trade volumes. Pragmatic cooperation between China and Russia has played a positive role in combating the negative impact of the pandemic.

In 2020, the global economic and trading environment has undergone major changes due to the impact of the global epidemic of the COVID-19. It is not only the world economy that has seriously suffered, protectionism in international trade is growing, and economic and trade frictions between countries with many factors have sharply worsened. Faced with a new situation and new challenges, accelerating the construction of an early warning system for international trade conflicts in Heilongjiang Province has become an important strategic issue of general importance.

The demographic aspect of the development of the largest macro-region in the country remains among its key problems for a long time. At the present stage of the implementation of the new economic policy in relation to the Far East, the federal authorities pay increased attention to the problem of the annually shrinking population. The goal of building up the demographic potential, stopping the migration outflow and attracting new residents to the territory of the Far Eastern regions by improving the quality of life is central to many strategic documents. So, in 2017, the Concept of the demographic policy of the Far East for the period up to 2025 was adopted. In 2020, the National Program for the Socio-Economic Development of the Far East for the period until 2024 and for the future until 2035 was approved. At the same time, despite the active work in the development and adoption of strategic documents and the implantation of various kinds of institutional innovations, the real socio-demographic situation in the macroregion significantly differs from the formed expectations. The article analyzes the two indicated documents from the point of view of achieving the parameters declared in them. The main attention is paid to the first stage of the implementation of the Concept of Demographic Policy, which fell on the period 2017-2020. It is concluded that the adopted strategic documents have not yet led to the achievement of the planned results. Thus, the actual socio-demographic indicators during the implementation of the first stage of the Concept of Demographic Policy lagged significantly behind the planned values, while an annual increase in the gap between them was noted. A significant deterioration in the situation occurred in 2020, when a new coronavirus infection spread in Russia and the world. Considering that the unfavorable situation persists and the third wave of morbidity is currently observed, there is a high likelihood of a further increase in the gap between the planned and actual results, which requires adjusting the measures and indicators laid down in the documents of the strategic development of the macroregion.

regions in comparison with the others Russian regions. The authors give examples of climatic and geographical northern price increases. They propose administrative measures to compensate the state budget for the northern increase in the price of products from the northern regions. These measures will lead to the competitiveness of Northern enterprises in the markets of Russia and the global world.