Vol. 16 No. 4 (2023)

The article shows trends and problems in economic development in the NEA countries (PRC, Japan, the Republic of Korea) in the post-pandemic period (2022-2023). It was argued that during the period under review, the recovery dynamics and development trends of the NEA economies were invariant to geopolitical tensions in the world and were influenced by macroeconomic conditions, as well as sectoral, investment, financial and trade and economic risks of both internal and external nature. It has been showed that at the turn of 2022-23 the formation of more stable macroeconomic trends in NEA countries took place. In China, a trend is emerging towards a decrease in the rate of economic development to 5% per year. For Japan and the Republic of Korea, factors limiting economic growth rates (not exceeding 2% per year) are overheating of the domestic markets for consumer goods and real estate, a decrease in the positive impact of external interactions on domestic development, as well as the negative demographic dynamics.

The article analyzes the main markets of the Asia-Pacifi region from the perspective of assessing the niche of Russian energy resources: NEA-3 countries (Japan, the Republic of Korea, China) and India. Based on a synthesis of expert assessments from the leading research groups, it is shown that reduction in the size of the fossil fuel energy markets of Japan and the Republic of Korea is occurring at the fastest rate.Signifi reduction in exports to these countries is predicted since these markets are traditional for Russia in the Asia-Pacifi region. It was determined that in the current situation, the most promising in terms of export of Russian energy resources are India and China, whose role has increased many times under the conditions of sanctions restrictions imposed on Russia since 2022. It is shown that compensatory capabilities of the economies of China and India to compensate closed to Russia energy markets are limited. In the medium term there is a still high potential for increasing exports, in the long term this requires expansion of the transport infrastructure. However, despite all these limitations, it is possible to predict partial preservation of market niches in the markets of NEA-3 and India for the Russian fossil fuels. In the emerging hydrogen market, the niches of Japan and the Republic of Korea will likely be closed to Russia; in the markets of China and India, which focused on their own production, Russian products will most likely lose out in price competition.

The purpose of this study is to test two hypotheses. First hypothesis: in the long term, there has been a tendency to reduce trade barriers between Russia and Vietnam. The second hypothesis: the rapprochement of the two countries took place under the conditions of the negative influence of geopolitical factors on Russia’s foreign trade, which also include sanctions against the Russian economy. It is shown that, despite the small share of Vietnam in Russia's foreign trade Russian-Vietnamese trade turnover had a long-term increase. It was determined that the reduction of reciprocal trade barriers was facilitated by the accession of Russia and Vietnam to the WTO and creation of a free trade zone between the countries. Transformation of the commodity structure of the Russian- Vietnamese trade has been revealed: investment goods dominated in exports from Russia to Vietnam until 2010, followed by the raw materials; in imports from Vietnam to Russia TNC enterprises’ electronic and electrical industry products began to predominate since the 2010th. Estimates showed that trade barriers between Russia and Vietnam decreased (the border effect in 2022 was 55.4 p.p. lower compared to 1995), confirming the existence of long-term trade and economic rapprochement between these countries. It was determined that the lowest values of barriers between Russia and Vietnam were after the free trade zone creation. However, the attraction between the two economies is weaker than with other closer and larger trading partners (economies). The estimates confirmed the noticeable negative impact of geopolitical factors on Russia's foreign trade. It is assumed that trade between Russia and Vietnam, on the one hand, will be restrained by sanctions against the Russian economy, and on the other hand, will be supported on the basis of political ties between the two countries, as well as the specifics of the functioning of the Russian- Vietnamese enterprises.

Direction and dynamics of development of raw materials industries (mining and forest complexes) in the structure of diversifi economy of the Khabarovsk territory in the context of implementation of the policy of accelerated development of the regions of the Far-Eastern federal district have been studied. Results of the impact of key instruments of this policy on the structural and dynamic parameters of the resource sector and the growth of its importance in the economy of the Khabarovsk territory are analyzed. It is shown that as a part of adjustment of the system of state regulation in the Russian Federation in the new geo-economic conditions, instruments of state support and measures of active infl on the structural parameters of raw materials industries are being formed in order to their industrial diversifi Institutional conditions are identifi and project prospects for such diversifi for the resource sector of the Khabarovsk territory economy are shown.

Some approaches to assessing the fi sustainability of regions used in the public administration and research are considered. The need to apply comprehensive assessment of fi sustainability, covering a wide range of aspects, is argued. Key indicators characterizing the fi sustainability of the regions of the Far East are analyzed: budget dependency, public debt level, capital investment share, etc. Based on the ratings of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, comparative estimates for the Far-Eastern regions in 2020-2022 were obtained characteristics and parameters that require the most attention to improve the budget sustainability and overcome the lag behind the most regions of the country were identifi

The article provides an assessment of socio-economic sustainability of rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia using the developed and tested methodology. It is noted that indicators of infrastructure provision, transport accessibility of rural areas, the level and quality of life of the population living in them are significantly inferior to urban ones, which leads to inter-territorial inequality and increased outflow of the rural population. It was revealed that in the structure of rural settlements of the Republic of Buryatia, sparsely populated ones predominate (26.2% with a population of less than 100 people; 16.6% - 101-200 people and 24.9% - 201-500 people), with In this case, more than a third of the rural population lives in settlements with a population of more than 5,000 people. The difficulties of developing rural areas are due to the fact that they are subject to social, economic, demographic, environmental and other challenges. Rural territories were differentiated according to the integral index of social and economic sustainability of rural territories. Groups of rural areas with high, medium and low levels of socio-economic sustainability have been identified. The socio-economic development of rural areas within the boundaries of which the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory lies is constrained by the legal framework in which significant restrictions in economic activity prevail. The study used comparative analysis and economic-statistical methods. The information base was data from the Federal State Statistics Service. In territories with a special regime of environmental management, the goals of preserving the unique natural environment must be accompanied by the creation of conditions for improving the quality of life of the population. The main conclusions and recommendations can be used by authorities when improving the system for comprehensive assessment of socio-economic sustainability and when developing programs for the socio-economic development of rural areas.

The current stage of economic development introduces signifi additions and changes to traditional interpretations of scientifi and practical problems. They are generated due to internal economic and external structural and dynamic restructuring, changes in the strategy and tactics of the functioning of economic agents, and geopolitical transformations. The ongoing processes affect the entire national and international system. However, to the greatest extent they infl the spatial structures in which complexes of responses to ongoing changes are focused. For the Russian economy, one of such fl territorial entities in terms of sensitivity is the Far Eastern region. On the one hand, for many years it has been carrying out an active national process of economic development stimulating, carried out in a politically formulated long-term version, which is associated with active investment and institutional processes. On the other hand, it performs the functions of representing Russia’s interests in the implementation of cooperation with the Asian states that have historically had different orientations regarding potential partnerships. Thirdly, this is a region that is socially complex in terms of the tasks of forming and consolidating a permanent population, and the formation of labor potential here suffifor economic development. Each of these functions, in conditions of increasing volatility, requires strengthening the quality of potential risk assessments and improving directions for minimizing their impact. The article examines the genesis of institutional engineering for the Far-Eastern region in 1967-2000, the emergence of technologies for forming the risk profi of ongoing transformations, and potential directions for its implementation.

The relevance of the study is due to the need for theoretical comprehension and practical analysis of the processes of technologization of the Russian economy in the context of the formation of the ecosystem of technological development. The transformation of the innovation ecosystem into the ecosystem of technological development is an objective trend caused by radical changes in the external environment of the Russian economy and the need to adapt to them. The purpose of the study was to identify specifi features and elements of the technological development ecosystem, as well as to review some of the best regional practices in this aspect. The review by the authors of scientifi sources, current regulations and regional experience on issues of technological development is of scientifi and practical interest both for continuing research on this issue and for introducing the most successful practices into the activities of regional authorities in the formation and implementation of regional technological development programs. The conclusions obtained by the authors confi the objectivity and conditionality of the processes of transformation of innovation ecosystem into the ecosystem of technological development.

The article presents estimates of the potential damage from demographic losses as a result of mortality and population migration for the economy of the Far Eastern Federal District as a whole and its constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The “retiring” population was considered as a producer of regional supply (production factor) and a producer of regional demand (consumer of fi products). Using econometric analysis of the linearized Cobb-Douglas function, built on the basis of a panel data structure, a quantitative analysis of the decline in GRP with a reduction in the number of employed population aged 15-72 years was carried out for the period 2017-2021. Less sensitive to population mortality were resource regions whose specialized types of economic activity are characterized by relatively high capital intensity (the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Kamchatka territory, the Magadan and Sakhalin regions, the Chukotka autonomous region). Losses in regional production due to the population loss as a result of migration exceeded losses from mortality in the all Far-Eastern regions. The highest potential economic damage was received in the Republic of Buryatia, the Trans-Baikal, Primorskiy and Khabarovsk territories, and the Jewish autonomous region. Using the method of commodity balances, taking into account the counter trade fl by T. Cronenberg and its subsequent hybridization, estimates of decrease in the regional output by the age groups of population for 2019 and 2020 were obtained. The main contribution to the total loss of regional output was made by the population over working age (in case of mortality) and the able-bodied (in case of migration).

The purpose of this study is to analyze demographic and migration processes in the Russian Far East (consisting of 11 regions) under the negative infl of external factors in 2019-2022. The research algorithm includes: analysis of the total number and natural movement of the Far Eastern population; assessment of the migration dynamics of the Russian Far East in 2019-2022. It is shown that the Far East exists in a diffi demographic state, since the macro-region has seen a decrease in population due to a reduction in its natural growth and a negative balance of migration. It was determined that natural decline in the population of the Far East began to be observed in 2019, which was associated with its aging and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic with a decrease in the birth rate. It was revealed that after the pandemic caused by COVID-19, even more people began to leave the Far East for other regions of Russia. As a result, the excess of the population leaving the macro-region over the arriving population in the Far East was more than 11%. It is shown that by 2022, migration interaction between the Far East and foreign countries was generally characterized by a negative balance. It was revealed that restrictions related to the pandemic, as well as sanctions on the Russian economy, had a negative impact on the entry of people into the Far East from the foreign countries. The author suggests that in order to attract people to the Far East, economic development of the macro-region is necessary, capable of increasing per capita incomes comparable to other more successful federal districts. All other things being equal, the main current goal is to ensure the maintenance of socio-economic system of the Far East, corresponding to the low population level of macro-region.

Development of the territorial public self-government (TPS) in the city of Khabarovsk testifi to the quite high rates: the city of Khabarovsk is the leader in terms of the number of TPS among the municipalities of the region; the number of informed Khabarovsk residents about the possibilities of TPS has increased; the number of Khabarovsk residents involved in TPS activities has increased; TPS of the city is characterized by the annual growth of implemented initiative socially signifi projects; annual and signifi growth in the volume of both attracted budget funds and the investment of citizens' own funds on the co-fi terms. At the same time, the potential for development of TPS in Khabarovsk is signifi and is connected, fi of all, with the further development of informing the population, increase in the municipal budget fi of the TPS development program in the city, creation of the TPS School as an effective educational platform for the experience exchange and preparation of the successful socially signifi projects. In general, it should be noted that the TOS support programs are one of the most successful tools for involving citizens in solving issues of the local importance. Development of 500 TPS by 2025 is a strategic task of the Khabarovsk city administration as a part of implementation of the Concept «Development of territorial public self-government in Khabarovsk until 2025».

Organizations of higher education cannot only rely on education and science as missions in isolation from their alignment with the specifi needs of the environment and the formation of a programmable contribution to the development of society. The socio-economic mission of an educational organization is gaining importance. Interaction with a range of stakeholders for the university should have an effect signifi at the level of issues of support for the development and security of the region, take into account the goals and values of interaction in the scientifi and educational process. The article actualizes the block of university parameters in ensuring the socio-economic development of the region by the example of promoting the employment of graduates, presents a model for the formation and implementation of an interaction program aimed at strategically promoting the employment of graduates to vacant positions of regional employers, thus preserving graduates in the region, presents an approach to determining the integral result of the coherence of the interests of stakeholders within the framework of programs.

The article is devoted to the analysis of situation related to the development and application of new approaches to the training of the teaching staff and solving the problems of shortage of workers in schools. In accordance with the report of the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation on social policy Tatyana Golikova, the shortage of teachers as of October 1, 2023 amounted to about 11 thousand people, which requires enhanced measures to build personnel capacity in schools throughout the territory and, especially, in the remote areas. From a sociological perspective, the author illustrates two-sided view of the identified issues. On the one hand, it is of interest to analyze the legal regulation of the training of specialists for the system of basic general education, and on the other hand, the attitude of society and the main customers of educational services to given government vectors. The empirical data presented in the article contradict the flexible educational trajectories developed by the state in the formation of new pedagogical competencies among the future teachers. A serious reason that adversely affects the development of teacher education is the current state of teaching staff at all levels. The article illustrates the view of parent respondents (customers of educational services) on new approaches that form the basis of modern training of school teachers. At the same time, new vectors for solving staffing needs in schools are burdened by both the existing age and gender imbalances. The article provides qualitative and quantitative data indicating the slow renewal of teaching staff. The article reveals the attitude of parent community towards practicing teachers and analyzes the problems of young specialists who came to school without basic pedagogical education. The author emphasizes feasibility of methodological substantiation of the content of pedagogical training of specialists who do not have a basic psychological and pedagogical education. The promise of scientific understanding of this issue along with the growing interest in the quality of teacher training is noted, the main conclusions are drawn and recommendations are outlined.

The article analyzes certain aspects of professional self-determination of schoolchildren in the region based on the results of mass survey of schoolchildren in the Khabarovsk territory. The authors show which factors have the greatest impact on the professional self-determination of students. The main ones are the level of wages and stereotypes about the prestige and profi of certain professions in the Russian society. The authors conclude that professional orientation of school students is closely related to their value set. This study allowed us to establish that, in general, the attitude of respondents meet the requirements that the state and society impose on the relevant professions. In turn, respondents are looking for those areas of employment that are really able to meet their expectations from the profession. The article also identifi key areas for improving the effectiveness of career guidance in the region, which the respondents include, fi of all, development of the subject- practical forms of such work.

The article presents analysis of inclusion of the health-saving spaces in the urban environment. Based on the analysis of the main theories and concepts that are the theoretical basis of the stated problem, the authors try to fi out the vernacular ideas of citizens about the role and purpose of the spaces in which they live, work, and rest. A relationship has been identifi between the presence or proximity of health-preserving spaces relative to vernacular areas and the assessment of the level of “well-being” of such areas. To confi their hypothesis, the authors use sociological research. In conclusion, it is concluded that the mental perception of residents of the city of Khabarovsk does not form a clear idea of a health-saving urban space. At the same time, patterns of health-saving behavior among city residents differ depending on their predominant location in different areas of the city of Khabarovsk.

The article presents an assessment of modern approaches to reducing alcohol consumption, introduced in practice in the Republic of Buryatia, based on the materials of the expert survey and SWOT-analysis. The survey involved employees of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Buryatia and doctors-prophylactologists, psychiatrists-narcologists of subordinate organizations: the State Autonomous Institution«Republican Narcological Dispensary», the State Budgetary Institution «Center of Public Health and Medical Prevention named after V.R. Boyanova» (N =20, 2022). The projects implemented by preventive medicine physicians of the State Budgetary Institution «Center of Public Health and Medical Prevention named after V.R. Boyanova» and «The Republican Narcological Dispensary», including «Auto Sobriety». The effectiveness of introduction of sobriety territories in the municipalities of the region was assessed. Positive results of everyday life in «sober villages» are revealed. SWOT-analysis of the regional policy in terms of reducing the level of alcohol consumption among the population is presented. It is suggested to strengthen interdepartmental cooperation and to introduce constant monitoring and analysis of situation, using modern sociological methods and involving independent researchers.

The article presents analysis of the phenomenon of self-identification of youth of the Khabarovsk territory in the context of special military operation to demilitarize and denazify Ukraine (SMO, special operation). Based on the results of monitoring sociological studies, hypotheses of the relative impact of special operation on the self-identification of young people in the Khabarovsk territory are being tested. It is shown that against the background of SMO, young people demonstrate generally stable socio-psychological state, although part of it expresses a certain concern and anxiety with these events. The results of analysis of the impact of special military operation on changing the youth consciousness in terms of choosing authoritative personalities and leaders for themselves confirmed a high level of confidence in the Russian President V.V. Putin as a person who is able to influence its behavior and be a guide in life. It is justifi that young people with the Far-Eastern and Russian type of self- identification are more involved in the provision of humanitarian assistance to the residents of Donbass, Russian servicemen and volunteers in the zone of the SMO, more often support the decision to conduct special military operation and have fewer acquaintances (regarding the global type of self-identification) who left for another country for permanent residence due to the start of special operation. The results of research and the main conclusions can be used to update state and municipal projects (programs) aimed at increasing the level of conscious and responsible self-identifi of youth and the further development of youth policy in the Khabarovsk Territory.

This review material presents information about the scientifi and practical conference «Economic of the Russian Far East in the context of global transformations», which took place in Khabarovsk on November 9-10, 2023.A review of reports and speeches on the current problems of development of the Russian Far East and its scientifi support was made.