Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025)

The article presents the analysis of the results of sociological study«Personnel potential of the authorities of the Far-Eastern Federal District: state, problems and development prospects,» carried out by the initiative group of sociologists of the Far- Eastern Institute of Management - branch of RANEPA with the support from the Offi of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Far- Eastern Federal District. The results of the study indicate progressive development of the Far-Eastern territories in recent years: implementation of the large-scale national projects, attracting investments for creation and construction of new enterprises, development of social infrastructure, creation of thousands of new jobs, renovation of the appearance of the Far- Eastern cities and public spaces as a part of implementation of master plans for their development. The majority of state and municipal employees generally assess the socio- economic development of the Russian Far East as positive, but there is a number of serious problems that restrain positive trends: rising prices for goods and services, quality of health care and availability of medical care, level of remuneration and housing affordability, migration outfl of the population and decrease in the personnel potential of the region. Special role in the implementation of the national strategy for socio-economic development of the Russian Far East is given to the personnel potential of the state authorities and local self-government. However, self-assessments by the state and municipal employees indicate an insuffi immersion of the majority of them in the meaning, goals and content of the national development projects in Russia, which may reduce the effectiveness of their activities to achieve the targets for their implementation in their regions. The results of the study emphasize the need to improve the state and municipal services status, as well as the development of educational programs focused on the «socio-centric» motives of professional service.

The article substantiates the theoretical and empirical aspects of the sociological analysis of the phenomenon of personnel potential of public authorities, its conceptual certainty as a social and professional phenomenon in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. Based on the results of empirical sociological research and official statistics, the significant components of the human resources potential of public authorities are analyzed. The significant needs of public authorities in the Far Eastern Federal District for state and municipal employees have been identified. The sources of the influx of employees and the structure of government authorities by length of service in government and civilian positions are analyzed. The analysis of the professional and educational component of the personnel potential of employees of public authorities is carried out. A high level of education of the study participants was revealed, as well as a high subjective assessment of the level of education's compliance with the qualification requirements for the position. However, the results of the study indicate that there is a significant potential for professional development: the majority of surveyed employees do not have a degree in Public and Municipal Administration, a third of respondents have not completed professional retraining or advanced training courses in the last three years, and there is a significant demand for training programs in a wide range of areas (subjects). The corruption aspect of the activities of employees of public authorities is considered from the standpoint of human resources potential. A relatively low, however, significant level of corruption has been identified both in the Far Eastern Federal District as a whole and in the context of individual public authorities in the region. The main reasons (motives) that determine the possible corrupt behavior of employees, as well as the most common negative qualities of employees, which also create potential conditions for the emergence of corruption risks, are analyzed. The author's assessment of the subjective perceptions of state and municipal employees reflecting the state of their professional activities is presented, and recommendations are made to create conditions for improving its effectiveness.

The article provides an overview of the interim results of the implementation of programs aimed at increasing labor mobility in a number of the Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation. The research has shown that regional programs aimed at increasing labor mobility represent the mechanism for targeted recruitment of specialists, rather than mass recruitment of labor resources. The number of employees involved varies significantly by region: from several dozens to several hundreds of employees per year. The sectoral representation of employers participating in regional programs and their quantitative categorization are also heterogeneous by region. In conditions of limited financing, it it considered advisable to provide state support in attracting employees to the largest companies in the Far Eastern regions in such fields as mining, finance, and transport in the last place. The article suggests the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of regional programs aimed at increasing labor mobility, taking into account both the absolute effectiveness of the program and the degree of satisfaction of individual employers in attracting workers from other regions.

The objective of the study is to analyze the current situation and medium- term prospects for the development of the Russian economy based on its foreign trade. During the study it turned out that the Russian economy is characterized by relatively high investment risks and barriers to foreign trade, as well as dependence on the dynamics of crude oil prices, which form the basis of its exports. It has shown that in 2014-2023 Russia faced sanctions (initially “local”, then “large-scale”), as a result of which the risks for the Russian economy increased, foreign trade shifted from the European Union in favor of friendly states - China, India, Turkey, the EAEU countries and Brazil. The study showed that in the medium term, due to the «big country trap» effect, the key factor in the development of the Russian economy is the dynamics of crude oil prices, even under sanctions. The scenarios for the development of the Russian economy in the medium term are being analyzed based on international and Russian forecasts. The main parameters of these scenarios are the dynamics of crude oil prices on the world market and the influence of government policy.

The article discusses the issues of introducing a new mechanism of the regional investment standard for the formation of investment proposals for businesses. The groundwork and prospects of investment proposals for promoting priority areas of investment development of the territory, searching for investors and attracting investments are refl The importance of investment proposals as a tool for proactive investment policy in the regions is emphasized. The features of the investment proposal phenomenon in scientifi and legal aspects are highlighted, the main methodological parameters are refl The relationship between an investment project and an investment proposal is considered, the content is differentiated. Particular attention is paid to the procedure of visualizing an investment proposal for potential investors, and it is concluded that there is insuffi information in an abbreviated format for the response of interested parties. Additional elements of the investment proposal on benefi for the investor are proposed. The features of the promotion of investment proposals as an obligatory stage of the mechanism of their formation are shown. A set of conditions for the trajectory of investment proposals is presented, taking into account proven business tools in the context of polarized development. The regional practices of forming and promoting investment proposals based on the selective method of a number of regions participating in the pilot project are considered. The peculiarities of visualization of investment proposals on the investment portals of each of the considered subjects of the Russian Federation are highlighted. The necessity of unifying visualization procedure and promoting practices of the pilot regions for their further replication is determined. The main conclusions and results of the study confi the importance of proactivity in building a vertical unifi investment environment and can be used to update the content and promote investment proposals.

The article is devoted to the study of the formation and development of the higher education system in China from the period of ancient kingdoms to the present day. The materials for the study are the historical materials, regulatory documents, statistics and the works of leading scientists, who studied the genesis of the higher education system and aspects of management. The purpose of the study is to analyze the process of evolution of the higher education system, the basic principles of management that have shaped the vector of its modern development. The objectives of the research are to identify the factors of modernization of the higher education system, to outline the stages of its historical development. China’s advanced higher education system is a unique phenomenon that world scientists and researchers in various fi and directions are trying to unravel. The feudal system, which dominated for more than two thousand years, the policy of isolationism, the denial of “Western” science and the belated opening of educational institutions of a new type, the Opium and colonial wars, internal contradictions, a multi-million populations and lack of equal educational opportunities, social differentiation are factors that determined the need for decisive action in the construction and accelerated modernization of China’s higher education system. The development of education and science has been a priority task of the state since the ancient times and the key goal is the well-being of the Chinese people. The presence of the higher education is a step towards stability and prosperity not only for the population, but also for the state, since highly educated qualifi personnel are the support of the nation and the state, guarantors of the effective governance and prosperity of the state.

The article reveals the problems of the attitude of residents of the Khabarovsk Territory to ethnic migrants through the prism of tolerance, as one of the options for forming value attitudes that determine the content side of the processes of adaptation of the host community and migrants to changes caused by the intensive influx of citizens of other states to the territory of the region. Various theoretical approaches are analyzed that justify tolerance as a value category not equivalent to indifference or unquestioning acceptance of a different worldview and way of life, but as a position that makes it possible to live in accordance with one's own worldview among others. An attempt is made to search for sources of tolerance in the social environment of the region through the concepts of tolerance, boundaries of tolerance, ethnic identity, forms of manifestation of ethnic tolerance and intolerance. The formulated modern interpretation of tolerance makes it possible to develop a socio-cultural tradition of resolving social tensions, preventing violence and aggression, becoming an object of social management. The article presents the results of sociological surveys of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory, where the most significant identification characteristics of residents of the territorial community are identified, the importance of tolerance in the mentality of residents of the Khabarovsk Territory is determined, and the degree of manifestation of ethnic tolerance towards migrants is revealed. The main results of the sociological study and the formulated on their basis conclusions can be used to improve the migration policy of the Khabarovsk Territory and adaptation programs for ethnic migrants in order to prevent conflicts and social tension.

The article examines the socio-professional stratifi of the regional labor market using the case of the Khabarovsk Territory. It analyzes objective statistical indicators determining wage levels, professional demand, educational requirements for employees, and workforce availability within various economic sectors. The study aims at identifying and analyzing factors infl the formation of the socio-professional structure of the regional labor market and developing recommendations aimed at mitigating identifi imbalances. Based on the fi of a sociological study, the authors analyze how the phenomenon of occupational prestige affects youth life strategies, social mobility, and migration intentions, thus shaping socio-professional differentiation in the region. The article considers social and economic aspects that infl young people’s occupational choices, as well as explores the causes behind existing workforce shortages in key sectors of the economy and social services in the Khabarovsk Territory. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for improving vocational guidance systems and enhancing social regulation of occupational choice among youth, taking into account socio-professional differentiation in the regional labor market.

The paper presents the results of a sociological study of migration perceptions of Khabarovsk Krai youth aged 14 to 35 years, the reasons for their formation, factors and conditions determining the formation of a desire to move to another region of the Far East or outside the Far Eastern region. The paper analyzes the results of a sociological survey and focus groups refl the specifi of target settings, value orientations and migration perceptions of young people from various socio-age groups, including high school students, college students, university students, and young working professionals. The study also provides a comparative analysis of migration perceptions in the context of the respondents' place of residence. The analysis of the results of empirical research has revealed the key characteristics of the migration attitudes of young people living in the Khabarovsk Territory, indicating a fairly large-scale spread of migration plans for both intraregional migration and migration to other regions of the Russian Federation. The identifi basic determinants of migration attitudes primarily relate to educational plans for obtaining a profession, desired education, obtaining a better-paying job, as well as the desire for self- development, self-realization, and actualization of career aspirations. The general value reasons determining the motivation to stay in the Far Eastern region at the same place of residence have been identifi There are some recommendations on optimizing regional migration policy in conclusion.

The article presents the analysis of the statistical data dynamics of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory by various age groups and the level of working capacity. Based on the analysis of the population dynamics, it has been concluded that the population is decreasing in all age groups and levels of working capacity. At the same time, the number of young people is also decreasing in relation to the working-age population. Based on the analysis of the migration dynamics of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory, it has been concluded that the negative balance of interregional migration has decreased, while there has been a decrease in the number of both those who left the region and those who arrived in the region as part of interregional migration. It should be noted that the positive balance of international migration has increased. As for the CIS countries, the largest positive balance is migration from Tajikistan, as for the other countries, the largest positive balance is from China, which is caused by the lifting of anti-covid restrictions and the opening of the borders. The analysis of the data on the natural movement of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory shows the dynamics of the increase in mortality and the decrease in fertility. The natural decline of the region's population, combined with the negative balance of population migration, affected the indicators of the prospective analysis of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory until 2046, according to which a gradual decrease in the population of the Khabarovsk Territory by more than 13% is expected. Based on the above analysis of statistical data, the author concludes that the results of demographic policy in relation to the Khabarovsk Territory, set out in the Concept of Demographic Policy of the Far East for the period up to 2025, have not actually been achieved. In this regard, it is proposed to establish in the next Concept the real indicators based on the indicators of a prospective analysis of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory.

The effectiveness of using social networks as channels of communication between political parties and the population is quite diffi to assess correctly. One of the ways to solve the problem under question is to compare communities in social networks of parliamentary political parties based on the activity of social network users. The paper aims at assessing the attractiveness of social network for users and among parliamentary political parties’ members. The objectives of the work are: to determine the greatest interest of users and to identify political parties whose content is in the least demand. The innovation of the study is its statistics and analytics of the content of communities in social networks using a digital platform and determining the most (least) popular publications of parliamentary political parties. The research method used was the qualitative and quantitative analysis. The result of the study is an assessment of the content attractiveness of social networks of parliamentary political parties among offi communities, and determination of the users’ greatest and least interest in party publications. Recommendations are developed for attracting social network users to party publications.

The domestic industry is experiencing a critically important stage in its development. The country is essentially facing a challenge and to withstand it requires a comprehensive, systematic approach aimed at all-around development. The improvement of management practices, increased labor productivity and the efficiency of production processes are tactical steps for the near future. Implementing these measures, combined with innovations and advanced scientific developments, will enable Russia to overcome geopolitical barriers and achieve strategic superiority in the competitive struggle on the international industrial market. The article points out the factors affecting the competitiveness of Russian industry. It examines its global assessment using the Competitive Industrial Performance (CIP) index. The analysis is conducted from the perspective of «before» and «after» 2022, a year marked by extreme geopolitical tensions and severe sanctions, which has become a turning point in many ways. It is worth noting that the changes extend beyond the borders of the Russian Federation. The redistribution of energy flows has caused tectonic shifts throughout European industry, significantly impacting competitiveness, including that of Germany. The article explores the pathways for implementing the economy of the future - the«supply-side economy.» Special emphasis is placed on understanding the significance of lean manufacturing methodologies for the development of Russian industry under current conditions. Problematic issues affecting the implementation of lean manufacturing by Russian industrial enterprises are formulated.

The paper presents the theoretical analysis of some sociological approaches to assessing of the youth policy implementation effectiveness. This analysis makes possible to draw a number of main conclusions. The effectiveness of youth policy is understood as a qualitative transformations of youth (values, motives, actions, satisfaction) which led to the conditions created for its development. To a greater extent, effectiveness of the youth policy implementation should be measured sociologically. And for this it is advisable to develop a multi-level system of indicators that takes into account the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the state and development of the youth. It should be noted that assessment of effectiveness of the youth policy implementation should correspond to: the needs of young people (meeting the needs of young people and their most signifi problems of life), formation of its values and meanings (ethical, legal, social, spiritual and moral, etc.) impact on the youth development (self-realization, social and psychological stability), increasing its role in the development of youth policy itself (youth subjectivity), formation of its cultural space and self-determination (assessment of cultural space formed around the young people and creating of this space by the young people themselves; assessment of features of the youth self-determination, patriotism and its national identity as an integral indicator of its socialization in the society).

The article is devoted to the assessment of consumption functions in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District based on per capita consumer expenditure data and population income for the period 2000-2022. Short-term and long-term multipliers of autonomous expenditure are calculated. The standard Keynesian consumption function and the permanent income function of M. Friedman are used for the estimation of the marginal propensities to consume. For both functions, statistical estimates were found to be insignificant for the Magadan Region and the Chukotka Autonomous Area, which indicates not only the absence of a relationship between consumption and income, but also the absence of multiplier effects generated by the economies of these regions. For all other regions, it is shown that the volume of current consumption is determined not only by current income, but also by the consumption trend. The multipliers of autonomous expenditure of the regions are estimated taking into account adjustments for regional import of consumer goods. It is shown that the multipliers calculated on the basis of the Keynesian consumer function are close in value to the long-term multipliers estimated using the permanent income function. It is shown that the Khabarovsk Territory, where the share of expenditure on locally produced goods and services is the highest among all regions of the Russian Far East, possesses the greatest multiplier effect in the long-term period. The lowest values of multipliers are typical for the Jewish Autonomous Area and the Kamchatka Territory. It was also found that regions with the highest (lowest) values of the short-term multiplier are not always characterized by the highest (lowest) values of the long-term multiplier.

The paper examines results of the confl monitoring of ethno-political and ethno-confessional relations in the Khabarovsk Territory in 2024. Conclusions obtained by the author during the study are based on the results of the mass questionnaire survey, expert interviews, series of focus groups and refl key aspects of the current state and prospects for development of the multi-ethnic community of the region. It has been established that, despite the prevailing perception in the public mind of interethnic relations as benevolent, a certain level of social tension remains associated with insuffi adaptation and integration of labor migrants into the host community. An important condition in resolving this issue is the high level of state language profi by foreign citizens and their acceptance of values and norms of the host community, as well as effective state and social institutions support. The information fi plays a special role in formation of public opinion. Thus, inaccurate coverage of interethnic issues in the media, social networks and instant messengers can increase the confl potential in the regional multi-ethnic community. Results of the study have practical signifi for the government in general and local governments, scientifi communities and public organizations involved in implementation of the state national policy in the region.