Vol. 16 No. 1 (2023)

The resource industries are traditionally the basis of the Far-Eastern economy. Their functioning and development largely depends on transport. The subject of this article is study of the processes of transport service of the macro-region resource segment at the present stage. The purpose of the work is to analyze the key changes in the transport provision of the resource sector during 2022. There are two segments of transport services that differ in scale: at the level of individual companies and at the level of the macro-region as a whole. At the micro level of companies, transport processes are determined by the type of extracted resource (wood, ore, etc.), the scheme of production processes, and the confi of the system of relations with suppliers and customers. The article considers the transport support of one of the largest companies in the resource sector operating in the Far East - AC Alrosa (PJSC). The features of transport support for the supply of material and technical resources, the production and marketing process for this company are shown. At the level of the macro-region, relatively “traditional” and new problems of transport services for resource industries can be distinguished. The former include ensuring the availability of deposits that are promising for economic development and the shortage of carrying capacity of the infrastructure in the east of the country. New transport services problems are formed under the infl of geopolitical conditions in 2022. These include: a change in the direction of Russia's foreign trade fl the intensifi competition of shippers for the infrastructure of the transport complex of the Far-Eastern federal district; changing institutional conditions in railway transport; an increase in freight rates. The dynamics of parameters of interaction between the transport and resource industries affects the basis of economic system of the Far East. The ongoing geopolitical changes increase the degree of uncertainty in the conditions of national economy. It is necessary to evaluate carefully consequences of the decisions made, including changes in the transport tariffs.

The fuel and energy complex (FEC) is a complex inter-industry complex of the Far East, whose activities continue to focus on increasing the volume of production and export of energy resources. The introduction of sanctions against the oil and gas complex led to a violation of the logistics of export deliveries. The process of diversification of energy supplies to the rapidly developing market of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and the domestic market that has begun requires the implementation of infrastructure projects of the fuel and energy complex for the construction of pipeline transport facilities. Termination of supplies of the European technologies and equipment, existing contracts for the maintenance of supplied equipment, as well as a ban on investments, exacerbated the problem of technical equipment and modernization of organizations of the complex. The state of the fuel and energy complex of the Far East is characterized by a low level of development and competitiveness of its processing sector. Under the current conditions, the formation of a modern institutional environment is becoming an important condition for improving the efficiency of the fuel and energy complex and ensuring effective domestic demand for the energy resources of the Far East. Many problems of the development of the fuel and energy complex can be solved only through a competent combination of market mechanisms for self- development and effective mechanisms of state regulation. The purpose of this study is to study the transformation of the institutional environment of the fuel and energy complex and analyze the influence of institutions on the development of the complex in the Far-Eastern federal district (FEFD). The article gives description of the political, legal and economic institutions of regulation and development institutions that form the institutional environment for the functioning of the fuel and energy complex. The main forms and methods of state support for organizations of the fuel and energy complex are systematized. The main functions of the fuel and energy complex are considered. The study was performed using the methods of systemic and comparative analysis.

The article is devoted to a quantitative assessment of the impact of mortality of the working-age population on the economy of the Far-Eastern regions of the Russian Federation. The results of analysis of the demographic situation in the Far East in the prepandemic and pandemic period are presented. It is shown that the negative demographic trend in the macro-region persists. Moreover, the rate of population decline in the Far East is increasing every year. At the end of 2022nd, demographic losses exceeded indicators of the pandemic period of 2020-2021 several times. Using the Cobb-Douglas production function, built on the basis of a panel data structure for 2017-2021, assessment of elasticity of the gross regional product of the Far-Eastern subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of population was obtained the employed population aged 15 to 72. Decrease in the impact of employment on economic dynamics of the Far-Eastern federal district in comparison with the period of 2000-2007 was found. Using the appropriate estimates, quantitative analysis of the impact of mortality of the employed able-bodied population on the economic dynamics of the regions of the Far East was carried out. It is shown that in regions with a diversifi structure of economy, the damage from mortality of the employed workingage population is higher compared to the resourcerich regions, where specialized types of economic activity are characterized by the relatively high capital intensity.

The This article analyzed economic development of the Far-Eastern federal district in 2022 in the context of the regions and key activities on the basis of statistical data, information from the executive authorities of the subjects of the Far-Eastern federal district and expert assessments. Reasons for the dynamics of industrial production, investment in the fi assets, construction, agriculture, and the consumer sector are given.

The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of application of the concept of lean manufacturing in implementation of the state investment policy in terms of the regional investment standard instruments. Successful concept of lean manufacturing, formed in the fi of production and business, fi its application in optimizing the processes of interaction between investment process participants and public authorities. One of the elements of the Regional Investment Standard is the code of investment rules containing algorithms for the investor's actions in the process of implementing investment projects. Methodology of the end-to-end investment fl based on the concept of lean manufacturing, optimizes the content of the code of investment rules as a part of the Regional Investment Standard. Practical implementation of this methodology in the pilot regions from among the subjects of the Russian Federation made it possible to reduce the terms of the investor's client trip and to eliminate duplicate actions in the interaction of the authorities and the investor. The review of scientifi sources conducted by the authors, containing theoretical justifi and approaches to adapting the concept of lean manufacturing to the fi of public administration, including economic processes, is interesting for science and practice. Analysis of the actual data characterizing the results of introduction of the end-to-end investment fl model makes it possible to visualize the effect of this concept in the investment policy. The results of the research described in the article are interesting from the perspective of practical use by the government bodies in realization of the investment policy of the region, as well as by the researchers of problems of the investment sphere. Conclusions of the authors substantiate introduction of the Lean manufacturing technology into the code of the investment rules of the Regional Investment Standard, which will help reduce the time for investor to pass the client path.

Labor market conditions play special role in ensuring the economic security of the country and its individual territories. On the one hand, the state of labor market has a direct impact on the level of well-being of the population and the degree of their social security, the dynamics of real production and labor productivity. On the other hand, labor market indicators are characterized by a high sensitivity to existing threats of a social, economic and demographic nature. The COVID 19 pandemic and the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions have caused serious transformations that have led to an increase in tension and formation of n the new hotbeds of vulnerability in the labor market. Examining tension as the indicator of economic security of the region, this article highlights the threats that arise as a result of imbalance in the regional labor market (open unemployment, stagnant unemployment. Along with this, the article considers factors that increase stress.

The article substantiates the need to coordinate interests of all participants of economic activity in the regional economy. Indicators characterizing the fi stability of companies and effi of the construction business organizations in the region have been identifi An integral indicator of fi stability of the construction companies and the integral indicator of the regional effi of these business structures were calculated on the example of the Moscow region. As a result, a map of zones of coordination of corporate and regional interests of the construction companies in the modern economy was compiled.

Social activity of the city residents, aimed at changing in the different spheres of their life, implemented both in the structures of civil society and in the political organizations, has acquired a sound in scientifi discourse as «urban activism.» This term does not have an unambiguous defi which makes it diffi to operationalize it for sociological measurement, but allows using a number of methodological approaches to study this phenomenon in the structure of civil society in the city of Khabarovsk. Based on the sociology of «social movements» (G. Bloomer) and the analysis of collective actions from the standpoint of frame theory (I. Hoffmann), the article attempted to analyze the results of sociological studies of public opinion of citizens, refl indicators of their social activity, involvement in the socio-political sphere and actions of the local authorities. It has been shown that the origins of the low civic and socio-political activity of the citizens are rooted in a state of their concern about the urgent life problems that require their solution. They serve as a driving force, on the one hand, due to dissatisfaction with the real form of life, and on the other, out of desires and hopes for some new structure of their existence. It is noted that the semantic framework and value guidelines in the collective actions of the city community, authorities and activists of political parties are often contradictory and paradoxical, giving rise to indifference and alienation from the population from involvement in collective social activities to change life for the better. Strengthening of the position of civil activism aimed at the development of the city's civil society can be facilitated by targeted information and communication activities and demonstration of the successful initiative projects not only in the improvement of the urban environment, but also in formation of responsible political consciousness and behavior of the citizens.

The article presents analysis of the current demographic situation associated with the reproductive activity of population. Rosstat data, secondary studies of attitudes, behavior, opinions and attitudes of the population in relation to reproductive behavior are given. As a theoretical justifi the author relies on the theory of R. Inglehart, which is based on the idea of a cultural transition from an industrial society to a post-industrial. Another theoretical approach chosen by the author defi the role of emancipative values and implies freedom of choice and equal opportunities (K Welzel). According to the author, these are important structural elements that expand the understanding of the concept of «reproductive behavior». Reproductive behavior can be viewed from the point of view as a medical phenomenon associated with conception, childbearing and childbirth and medical impact; as a socio-political phenomenon associated with the decisions and measures of authorities at all levels to improve the demographic situation. Purpose - on the basis of a comprehensive analysis, to identify the main changes and trends in the development of the demographic situation associated with reproductive behavior, to identify factors that act both motivating and destabilizing reproductive activity of the population.

Sociological analysis of interaction of the local governments with the population of Khabarovsk, presented as the local community is given in this article. Based on the forms of participation of the population determined by the current legislation, evaluation of their relevance in solving the problems of local importance and urgent problems of life was given. From the methodological standpoint of sociology, the author interpreted the results of public opinion polls of the citizens as the forms of their collective behavior and involvement in the socially useful activities in the territory of their residence, in public hearings, and participation in the municipal elections. As a result of research, it was determined that the activity of the participation of the population of Khabarovsk in the legally determined forms of interaction with the local self-government is extremely low due to the weakness of solidarity social ties, high disunity of power and civil society. This is due to both the objective conditions for localizing residents in city apartments of apartment buildings and their subjective assessments of dissatisfaction with the activities of local governments to solve the urgent problems of their life and unwillingness to contribute to their solution. To increase the civic activity of population, it is advisable to develop the network interaction with the local government on the basis of modern means of communication, aimed at formation of the solidarity local communities in the territories of residence, to stimulate them with grant support from the city budget.

The problem of modern Russian society is to accept the position that uncertainty of the socio-economic processes dictates the formation of new social systems and the study of the mechanisms of adaptive strategies of the population, which becomes an integral part of everyday life. For a comfortable existence (adaptation), it is necessary to interact with the subjects of society with the micro and macro environment, which analyzes the indicators of the sustainable state of external and internal factors in the implementation of the goals and further development of individual strategies to combat poverty. The study of various adaptation approaches under conditions of uncertainty is of particular relevance. The purpose of this article was to study different types of adaptive strategies of population to combat poverty in the face of uncertainty, since it is an important resource for the overcoming material diffi Based on the study of publications of the Russian and foreign sociologists and the analysis of offi statistics, the article shows the main trends in the fi against poverty and the choice of adaptation strategies based on the available resources of the population of the Khabarovsk territory. Particular attention in the article is given to the subjective assessments of respondents about their fi situation. Comparative assessment based on the material resources of population revealed important directions in the adoption of active adaptation strategies in the fi against poverty and showed that, fi dissemination of these strategies in the society leads to improvement in the material well-being and possibility of the further social growth. Secondly, low level of adaptation and use of the more passive strategies in the face of uncertainty will reduce the level of well-being of the population. Adaptation in the modern conditions allows show the most fl forms of behavioral strategy, subject to the active life position. The use of several types of strategies (passive and active) makes it possible to successfully overcome the state of poverty in the face of uncertainty, as well as to increase the level of material well-being.

This article presents the main methodological approaches to the analysis of the prestige of professions, as one of the criteria for social stratifi of the society and its professional differentiation. Based on methodology of the stratifi measurement and the results of empirical sociological studies of schoolchildren of the 8-11 grades of the Khabarovsk territory, their collective ideas about phenomenon of the prestige of professions, its conditionality by the objective conditions of the labor market and its infl on professions are analyzed. There are also the analyzed subjective opinions, value orientations and motives for choosing prestigious profession, the role of wages, parents, teachers, the media and the Internet, the intentions of obtaining specialties in organizations of the secondary and higher education in the region and beyond. The ideas of school students about the prestige of professions and their relationship with the economic and social processes in modern Russia are outlined. Conclusions are drawn on changing the process of vocational guidance in the direction of creating the conditions for students to make a conscious choice of specialties (professions) based on their personal interests in particular professions.

The dynamic socio-economic development of the Russian Far East is of deep importance for the modern economic processes under the conditions of «turn to the East,» as well as for preservation and development of the stable economic connections with the partner countries of the Asia-Pacifi region for a long time. One of the main problems for the regions of the Far-Eastern federal district in the post-Soviet period is the trend towards a decrease in the population of the macro-region due to the processes of irretrievable migration. The purpose of this article is to investigate reasons for the macro-region residents to make decisions about moving to another permanent place of residence, as well as to determine the most signifi «pushing» factors that prompt such decision. Priori analysis of the infl of the regional social infrastructure state on the migration processes (on the example of the Khabarovsk territory) was adopted by the research method. As a result of the study, a list of the most signifi factors has been formed that have a signifi impact on the quality of population life and, accordingly, on adoption of the decisions on irretrievable migration. The obtained results can contribute to development by the state and local authorities of appropriate decisions in implementation of the social infrastructure planning to ensure sustainable development of the Far-Eastern macro-region.

In the context of modern global trend of consistently high infl rates and corresponding monetary tightening by the national regulators, monetary and anti- infl actions, taken in Japan, look as a special case. The article reviews genesis and specifi features of Japanese fi system, capital markets and functioning of fi institutions. The article shows how unique characteristics of Japanese fisystem infl monetary policy in the country at different stages of its development and conditioned to a signifi extent a lower infl rate in comparison with the other developed economies.