Vol. 14 No. 1 (2021)

The study presents a brief description and problems of power supply of the Khabarovsk territory. The problems and prospects of the development of renewable energy sources, in particular in the Khabarovsk territory, are considered. There are three main approaches that exist in the scientific community for comparing energy objects. The first approach is based on comparing the technical indicators of power facilities, the second on calculating the normalized cost of electricity, and the third is based on monetizing the environmental and climatic consequences of power facilities. During the study, it was found that these approaches differ in the number of indicators included in the calculation of the cost of electricity. In accordance with the selected approaches, evaluation of economic efficiency of three operating power plants of the Khabarovsk territory – coal, diesel and solar – was carried out, monetized estimates of the full cost of three alternatives for the production of electricity in the region were given, taking into account the environmental component. The analysis made it possible to conclude that under the current market conditions, renewable energy sources are most profitable in decentralized areas, and quantitative evaluations have shown that with the introduction of payments for carbon monoxide emissions, renewable energy sources become an economically effective way of organizing energy supply in the region, including in the regions with centralized power supply.

Russia is the largest country in the world and occupies one of the leading places on the planet in terms of natural resources, but the bulk of deposits were explored to some extent more than a quarter of a century ago, back in the Soviet era. Due to the changes in the sources of financing for the reproduction of mineral resources and geological exploration of the subsurface, qualitative and quantitative indicators are reduced by an order of magnitude, which leads to greater risks in the development of mineral deposits. Even despite the large number of scientific papers, the economic situation forces us to search for more modern and multi-parametric methods for evaluating the efficiency of mining. The article considers the main economic methods for evaluating the efficiency of mining, determines their essence and application features. On the basis of conducted analysis, disadvantages and advantages of using the studied methods were identified, and the author's interpretation of the economic assessment of efficiency of mining resources was given.

The paper is devoted to some aspects of regional budget sustainability. The analysis is based on data of revenues of regional budgets of the Far-Eastern federal district. Under the review of approaches to analyzing of budget sustainability we found significant variety of definitions and methods of budget sustainability estimation. The consequence of this diversity is a mismatch of results of scientific researches. We calculated the coefficient of elasticity of tax and non-tax revenues by gross regional product in order to assess the level revenues sensitivity to changes in economic situation. Then we analyzed the dynamics of budget revenues and estimated the scale of fluctuation. The analysis showed that the budget revenues of the territories of the Far-Eastern federal district are mostly characterized by the low level of sensitivity to national trends in the economic development. The degree of their sensitivity to changes in the economic situation in the region is evaluated as high for the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Kamchatka territory and the Sakhalin region. These regions differ significantly in the share of intergovernmental transfers in the income structure, which confirms the absence of direct link between the dependence of the budget on the budget regulation measures and the sensitivity of its revenues to changes in the economic situation. According to the second criterion, the highest risk of reducing sustainability is typical for the Sakhalin region and the Chukotka autonomous region. We share the opinion that complex economic development remains the most important measure for providing of budget sustainability. The results of the study can be used in the educational sphere and become a basis of further investigation devoted to the budget sustainability.

The article is devoted to the problems of socio-economic differentiation of municipalities, the excessive manifestation of which forms a threat to the integrity of the socio-economic and territorial space of the region. In order to avoid crisis manifestations of intraregional inequality, it is necessary to constantly monitor the state and trends of socio-economic development of the territories, which will ensure the timely elimination of growing imbalances. To this end, the article proposes a methodological approach to assessing the level of differentiation of socio-economic development of municipalities in the region, which determines the stage of unevenness and analyzes the nature of changes in the processes of interterritorial inequality in the region. The proposed methodology provides for an assessment of the depth and scale of territorial differentiation by individual indicators, which allows us to identify the «pain points» of the socio-economic development of the region. To assess the overall level of socio-economic differentiation, an integral indicator is calculated that reflects the degree of deviation of the main parameters of the municipality from the regional average. Based on the results obtained, the territories are grouped according to the degree of differentiation, which makes it possible to justify the choice of measures and tools of regulatory influence on the development of individual municipalities by regional authorities. The methodology was tested on the example of the municipal districts of the Khabarovsk Territory. The study showed that the territories of the region are characterized by a critical level of the gap in the state of their socio-economic parameters, which is constantly growing. The results of the study can be used in the activities of the executive authorities of the region.

The author assessed the employment of labor resources in the important activities for maintaining the standard of living, such as wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, hotel and restaurant business. The calculations were carried out on the basis of official statistical data. The author studied the dynamics and structure of employees in the formal and informal sectors of the economy, the gender and age structure, the level of education of employees, the place of main work, work experience, and the length of the working week. the results of the analysis of labor resources allow us to formulate qualitative requirements for the level of education of labor resources and for the system of vocational education in the region that provides training.

This article analyzes the medical services market in the Khabarovsk territory for the period of 2014–2018. Data on the number of state and municipal medical institutions in the Khabarovsk territory, data on the number of medical personnel, consumer prices for certain types of medical services are analyzed. It was found that there is an annual steady increase in the volume of paid medical services in the Khabarovsk territory during the analyzed period. There are a number of factors that limit development of the medical services market, including the low population density, large distances between the settlements, low incomes of the population. Factors hindering the development of the medical services market include barriers associated with the market entry, such as: licensing, strict requirements for implementation of medical activities, limited budget funding, imperfection of the regulatory framework. The article discusses the question of availability of medical services for population of the Khabarovsk territory, which consists of the transport, personnel and price components.

The subject of this research is the current characteristics and development trends in the field of external social responsibility. Particular attention is paid to the development of external social responsibility of scientific institutions. Publication is devoted to the trends and partnerships in the system of external social responsibility of modern organizations of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study was a comprehensive analysis of aspects related to current trends in the field of external social responsibility and partnership. Results of the work: the concept of external social responsibility is presented, the categories of internal and external social responsibility are delimited. A list of partners in the field of external social responsibility is provided, the principles of participation and interaction in the subject area are characterized, key trends in the development of external social responsibility in the era of the knowledge economy and digitalization are presented. It is concluded that in the knowledge economy, the task of developing social responsibility within the framework of partnership between the state, business and scientific institutions along the triple spiral of interaction in the national innovation system is actualized. In this regard, the formation and development of professional systemic management of external social responsibility of organizations involved in the research and development is seen as extremely important. Practical recommendations on the development and professionalization of the management of external social responsibility of scientific institutions are presented.

The article is devoted to the issues related to the study of the process of identification and professional self-organization of public relations specialists in the Far-Eastern region of Russia. This process is studied from the point of view of defining the group identity, group norms, and the activities of professional communities. The empirical basis of analysis was the results of an expert survey of public relations specialists in the Far-Eastern federal district. The authors identify the current professional PR communities of the Russian Far East, identify the motives of their members for more active participation in the communities life. There is an independent association of representatives of professional group due to the grassroots activity «spontaneous self-organization» and the presence of experience in consolidating PR specialists in a specific field (state) with an external actor. It is concluded that today there is a willingness of the self-organized PR community to participate in solving the socially significant issues for the region, the development of inter-sector partnership, as a result of formation of trusting attitude of population to the decisions taken in the region.

The article is about the civic participation of youth in the local self-government through the activities of youth organizations. The participation of young people in the life of public organizations is an important indicator of the socio-political activity of the population, contributes to the formation and development of civil and public self-awareness, the development of special competencies and personal qualities in young people. The purpose of the paper is to study the attitudes and experience of participation of the Russian youth in the local selfgovernment through the activities of public organizations. The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of the activities of youth organizations, their classifications and typologies, studies the legal framework, official sites of youth organizations, and analyzes statistical data. To study the practice of youth participation in the activities of public organizations at the local level, the authors conducted a questionnaire survey of Russian youth aged 14-30 (n = 2026 people). As a result of survey of young people, it was found that young people in the younger age group (14-17 years old) much greater extent than young people in the older age group (2630 years old) demonstrate involvement in the activities of public organizations, are informed about the activities of youth organizations, notes the benefits of their activities and is more actively ready to take part in their activities. In the course of the research, the best practices of public organizations in attracting youth to participate in the local self-government were studied, the directions of activity of youth public organizations and associations, the activities they implement, aimed at involving young people in socio-political processes at the municipal level, at stimulating civic initiatives and constructive forms of social activity of young people at the municipal level. In the conclusion of the article, the authors formulate proposals aimed at increasing the constructive civic engagement and involvement of young people in the activities of public organizations and participation in the local self-government.

The article presents a sociological analysis of the social activity of the residents of the Khabarovsk city district, reflecting their political and non-political (civil) interests and motives for self-organization. The article presents methodological aspects of urban activism as a social construct with a civil (non-political) and political orientation, which are applied to the analysis of self-organization in an urban district. It is shown, that the high level of social deprivation in the conditions of life and transformation of the existing regional party-political structure of the executive and legislative (representative) authorities determines the social activity of citizens of the protest orientation, generates a state of risk factors and uncertainty. According to the authors, development of the forms of joint activity of the residents and local self-government bodies (one example of which is the territorial public self-government ) it contributes not only to the involvement of residents in solving the local problems, but also increases confidence in the authorities, reduces the protest of public consciousness. Based on the results of sociological survey of the residents of the city district, the potential possibilities of this process are shown.

On the basis of qualitative sociological surveys, the article presents certain aspects of public opinion of students of the Khabarovsk territory about the activities of the police, real and potential forms of interaction between the police officers and youth, directions of harmonizing relations between these social groups. The study showed that assessments of young people in these aspects are not uniform. In the collective consciousness of young people, the police mostly evoke positive associations. This is due, first of all, to the experience of personal positive interaction of students with the police officers, including as victims, or the experience of friends, acquaintances, relatives of respondents. Presence of similar experience, but substantively negative predetermined the spread of skeptical assessments of the activities of this law enforcement body in the student environment. The media, the Internet, and rumors also have a significant impact on the negative opinion of the police. Despite the presence of an unfavorable perception of the police, many respondents acted in cooperation with the police not only as victims or offenders, but, above all, in the role of those who assisted the police in solving the tasks facing it. The overwhelming majority of respondents expressed their readiness to help the police if necessary. The respondents see the main directions for optimizing interaction between young people and the police and increasing confidence in the latter in transforming the police as a social institution, but not in the society as a whole or Russian youth in particular.

The article presents an analysis of formation and development of the image of an entrepreneur in Russia. Currently, the positive image of an entrepreneur is considered as one of the factors for successful development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The goals of national project «Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative» are aimed at intensifying the entrepreneurial potential of the society, stimulating creation and growth of a number of small and medium-sized enterprises, stabilizing and consolidating existing entrepreneurs on the market, creating the most favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. This project is designed to involve general population in the entrepreneurial activities. The article analyses perception of an entrepreneur in the modern Russian society. The image of entrepreneur is considered through their perception by the society according to the following components: attractiveness of the entrepreneur's career, prestige of entrepreneurship, media attention to the success stories of entrepreneurs, inclusion in the entrepreneurial community through the environment. In general, the author notes a positive trend and a significant increase in public interest in this type of activity. However, the level achieved is not yet sufficient to achieve the goals set out in the national and regional projects. The author's directions of the information campaign to form a positive image of entrepreneur could form a stable «foundation» of the entrepreneurial potential of the Russian society. The proposed areas of work with various categories of the population will contribute to strengthening entrepreneurial activity, increasing the status of entrepreneur and, in general, forming a positive image of entrepreneur in the Russian Federation.

Poverty reduction is one of the main objectives of the state policy in the Russian Federation. In the decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 474 of 21.07.2020 «On the national goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030,» a target is determined - reducing the poverty level by half by 2030. To measure poverty in the Russian Federation until 2021, the absolute concept was used. Within the framework of this concept, it is planned to create a minimum standard on the basis of which the level of poverty was determined. In the Russian Federation, a consumer basket is adopted as a standard, on the basis of which the cost of living is calculated. The cost of living is the threshold for poverty. Since 2021, the methodology for measuring poverty has changed, the calculation is based on the relative concept, the median method is used to measure poverty. A number of countries also use the multidimensional poverty concept with a set of indicators to measure poverty. The article provides a comparative analysis of methodological approaches for poverty assessment. The article proves that the level of poverty depends on the methodological approach underlying its measurement. The author believes that only a multidimensional approach to measuring poverty will contribute to the development of effective public policies to overcome poverty.

The article analyses sociological aspect of the traditional way of life of indigenous small peoples from the point of view of creating conditions from the state. It is determined that in the current context of continuous information and technological progress, the preservation of indigenous small communities leading a traditional way of life is of particular relevance. Objective and subjective factors have been identified that determine the state and assessment of the traditional way of life of small indigenous peoples. Measures of state support for the living standards of small indigenous peoples were analyzed, and their subjective assessment was given by respondents. According to the results of sociological study, factors have been identified that have a negative impact on the possibility of indigenous peoples preserving the traditional way of life, and additional measures of their state support have been proposed.

The article examines the main directions of shifts in the development programs of the national economies of China and Russia that occurred during the global crisis of 2020-2021. The authors evaluate the new institutional trends that determine the direction of development in the medium term, their impact on the potential for enhancing promising interaction between the countries. Based on the analysis of the new architecture of macroeconomic institutions, the segments for strengthening the strategic partnership between Russia and China are identified, as well as possible difficulties and risks of mismatch in the process of implementing the promising joint development programs that accompany the processes of internal institutional reforms.

Political and economic factors in Malaysia are aware of the need to increase the country's role in international scientific networks. National strategies and programs are working to create political conditions for the growth of the share of scientific achievements and high-tech industries. The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation has primary responsibility for the development and coordination of research and development (R&D) policies in Malaysia. The state encourages national and foreign businesses to invest in R&D, although the share of state-owned companies in large projects remains decisive. Corporate participation in advanced R&D areas in Malaysia is still limited, so proactive efforts will be required to develop this area. The Government of Malaysia has developed a system for supporting international cooperation in the field of R&D, signed about 200 high-level bilateral agreements, which envisage the development of research cooperation. In recent decades, Malaysia has moved from a recipient of international scientific and technical support to a group of partner countries, and in a number of aspects – donors. Given Malaysia's commitment to transforming into a high-income country, we can expect an increase in its role in the development of biotechnology, information and communication technologies (ICT), industrial and space technologies. On these positions, Russia and Malaysia have overlapping interests and could increase cooperation. Malaysia, which does not have a deep scientific and technical tradition, respects the experience of Russian scientists. It is necessary to use this potential and strengthen the Russia's position in R&D in Malaysia and the Southeast Asia as a whole.

В высших учебных заведениях всего мира библиотеки являются важными институтами распространения знаний и стимулирования исследований. В связи с постоянным развитием и продвижением достижений современной науки и техники содержание и качество предоставляемых библиотеками услуг также должно постоянно оптимизироваться, чтобы лучше удовлетворять растущие потребности в развитии высшего образования и вузовской науки. Это выдвигает все более высокие требования к качеству подготовки библиотекарей. В статье анализируется текущая ситуация с управлением персоналом в библиотеках вузов Китайской Народной Республики, рассматривается стратегия оптимизации библиотечной деятельности, оценивается эффективность проводимой работы. ; Ключевые слова:Китайская Народная Республика, высшее учебное заведение, библиотека, управление персоналом, стратегия совершенствования библиотечного дела.

Проблемы межрегиональной дифференциации и территориальной депрессивности препятствуют экономическому росту и приводят к диспропорциям пространственного развития страны, которые увеличивают риски формирования депрессивных территорий. Наличие депрессивных территорий в рамках одной территориальной системы снижает общую результативность государственной политики, так как позитивные изменения в развитии одних территорий нивелируются негативными процессами в других. В связи с этим диагностика состояния и выявление признаков нарастания депрессивности является важной задачей государственного управления. Выявлять риски формирования региональной депрессивности целесообразно на ранней стадии, когда проведение корректирующих управленческих воздействий максимально результативно и требует меньшего объема ресурсов. Для этого необходим мониторинг социально-экономического развития, построенный на информативной системе показателей, фиксирующих не только текущее состояние территории, но и его динамику с позиции выявления признаков депрессивности. В статье предложен авторский подход к оценке территориальной депрессивности, особенностью которого является учет условий сохранения и воспроизводства качественного человеческого капитала как основного ресурса развития. Учитывая ориентиры национальной политики Российской Федерации, направленные на опережающее социально-экономическое развитие дальневосточного макрорегиона, апробация предлагаемого подхода проведена на примере регионов Дальнего Востока России. ; Ключевые слова:управление региональным развитием, депрессивные территории, признаки депрессивности, территориальное развитие, факторы социального неблагополучия.

At the legislative level, it is established that the culture of Russia, as well as natural resources, is the property of the country and an important resource for the socio-economic development of all its territories and improving the quality of life of the population. Improving the management process and strategic planning of development of the sphere of culture is due to the need for more efficient use of public finances and the level of investment attractiveness of the industry. Strategic planning tools play an important role in optimizing the process of managing of the sphere of culture. The analysis of state programs and strategies sections of the socio-economic development of the eleven regions of FEFD on the development of the sphere of culture, revealed the structural and methodological problems of the development of regional strategic planning documents in the sphere of culture. The main problems include: inconsistency of the structure and content of strategies and programs with methodical instructions (recommendations) and the procedure for their development; lack of a unified methodological approach to understanding the essence and basic components of strategies and programs; lack of a unified approach to the number, composition and presentation of target indicators; insufficient level of interconnection of regional strategic planning documents. A serious problem in the development of strategies and programs is the lack of uniform requirements for indicators for assessing the implementation of strategic goals and objectives, measures of government programs, as well as an interconnected system for assessing strategic planning documents developed at different levels of management. Differences in the structural elements and inconsistencies with the stated criteria are noted in the reviewed documents of all FEFD regions. The main reason for the discrepancy – is the lack of a unified methodology for the development of both regional strategies and government programs.

The research was carried out in September-November 2020 within the framework of the project «Ethno-demographic processes in the Asian Russia: the current situation, forecasts and risks» (scientific supervisor, Doctor of History T. Smirnova) in order to identify the consequences of internal and international migration in the FEB. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the largest subjects of the Far-Eastern federal district, but sparsely populated. Migration exchange in the region has occurred and continues to occur due to the arrival of flows of migrants from different regions of the Russian Federation, the CIS countries and the PRC. If representatives of the Central Asia began arriving en masse in the post-Soviet period, then migrants from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Ukraine, as well as other regions of the Russian Federation began to arrive from the beginning of industrial development of the territory of the Republic. Obviously, such a long-term interaction with migrants forms a tolerant attitude towards them among representatives of the local community, as evidenced by the empirical data obtained. It should also be noted that the current trend of internationalization of higher education through academic mobility of the students, the implementation of joint educational programs with double diploma, etc. contributes to the expansion of interethnic and international contacts of students. Of course, this cannot but influence the expansion of student contacts. The respondents assessed the consequences of migration in the region, indicated in which case the outflow of young people in the region could stop. The article analyzes the primary material that was collected by the method of quota questionnaire survey of university students in Yakutsk, the sample size was 200 respondents.

The presented article shows the results of implementation of the project «Ethnodemographic processes in the Asian Russia: the current situation, forecasts and risks» on the materials of the Chelyabinsk region. This region is one of the most densely populated, the regional center is a large Russian city with a million population. Significant industrial and scientific potential is concentrated on the territory of the South Urals, and the agro-industrial complex is highly developed. However, in recent years, there has been an intensive outflow of population from the region due to the deterioration of the environmental situation, as well as a tangible decline in the living standards. At the same time, immigrants from the Central Asia are playing more and more important positions in the regional labor market. Empirical basis of the study is the results of two sociological surveys (mass and student youth). Methodological framework of the article is the theory of mobility and transnationalism. These methods applied in combination have shown significant cognitive potential. They make it possible to understand the internal Russian and international migration as a complex scientific and practical problem interconnected with the dynamics of internal Russian migrations in general, and the functioning of the Eurasian migration system in particular. The results of sociological sections carried out clearly demonstrated that the Chelyabinsk region is losing its attractiveness for the life of population, which gives a tangible impetus to the growth of migration moods. This is especially true for the younger generation. At the same time, the population is increasingly showing a wary attitude towards migrants from the Central Asia in general, from Tajikistan in particular. Despite the fact that there are no obvious signs of intergroup hostility, there are certain aggravations in the relationship between the host and migrants

The article examines migration moods of the residents of the Tyumen region, in particular, such aspects as: the relevance of migration in the public consciousness; intercultural features of moods of the general population towards migrants; migration strategies of the residents. The work is based on the results of a survey carried out in the fall of 2020 among the general population and students. It is shown that the problem of migrants for the inhabitants of the region is not actualized. The respondents are poorly informed about the structure and nature of migration flows and the impact of newcomers on the socio-economic situation in the region. At the same time, there is an understanding of urgency of the problem of depopulation of the rural areas in public opinion. In relation to internal migration, the most relevant topic is movement between the neighboring regions, including due to the continuing relevance of rotational work method, which is characteristic for the northern regions. It has been demonstrated that a significant part of population thinks or does not exclude the possibility of moving from the region. At the same time, moving to a greater extent remains only in plans or is in the zone of delayed decision-making. The main motives for possible mobility are associated with the choice of a more convenient permanent residence, the possibility of higher earnings and career growth.

The all-Russian population census, scheduled for 2020, has been officially postponed to 2021. The article, in connection with the upcoming census, examines the situation with labor migration of the population from the Altai Republic. The subject of research is labor migration from the Altai Republic. It should be especially noted that the spatial mobility of the region's population is becoming characteristic, first of all, of the rural population. The Altai Republic is the only region in Siberia with a predominantly rural population. The purpose of the article is to pose a problem in connection with the upcoming population census, the results of which, among other things, will form the budget of the social sphere. Education and health problems, amid the well-known restrictions caused by the novel coronavirus pandemic COVID-19, affect every Russian family. These acute problems today may worsen in the next inter-censal period (2021–2030) due to the expected low population of municipalities in the Altai Republic.