Vol. 8 No. 1 (2015)

For optimization of the state regulation of relations in the labor sphere (first of all salary level) it is important to determine fundamental bases of distinctions of a salary in different branches. As a result of researches direct dependence of the salary size on a capital guarantee of work in different branches is revealed. In 2012 across the Russian Federation it was reflected by the function W = 22 +0,0017 SAF, where W – an average monthly salary, SAF – the specific advanced funds or size of the fixed and current assets for 1 worker. Considerable deviations from the main trend, in particular financial sphere and also essential distinctions in a salary level are considered at the same fund’s guarantee. In the sphere of public administration and defense the salary is twice higher than average in economy, and in agriculture, on the contrary, is twice lower than average.

In this article practical aspects of the realization of one of the fundamental principles of management of public finance – the principle of transparency meaning the openness of activity of the authorities of different levels for implementation of public control by the means of ensuring an access to information on the budget and the budgetary process, and also the quality of provided to the public information are considered. Current state of “The Open Budget” project at the level of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation is analyzed, methodological problems of formation of the budgetary data in the form, available to understanding to the public, are investigated and the possible ways of their solutions are proposed.

Pre-crisis phenomena in the Russian economy caused by internal and external forces have a negative effect on pensioners’ position. University of employees continues to work after the retirement age to provide resources for a decent level of their life. This slows down the process of young people being employed by the higher educational institutions. The article considers USA experience in creating additional financial resources for university employees during their retirement age, motivating them to set up their personal retirement accounts. Having analyzed this experience the authors came to the conclusion that participation in personal retirement plans is effective in giving additional income during senior years. Though there are differences in mentality, ways of life of the US and RF population, implementation of such programs and plans by our universities could make our faculty mobile, create prerequisites for modernization of higher educational system and improve the quality of training and efficiency of the higher educational institutions.

The article considers theoretical aspects of state regulation of the economic information market. The authors prove that state regulation is necessitated by information asymmetry as well as by external effects appearing in the process of production and consumption. The article focuses on the impact of demand in information technologies and information products on the regulation process of market information. The authors suggest principal measures stimulating export in the sphere of information products. Special attention is paid to the transaction expenses dealing with production, distribution and consumption of information products and with state influence on them. It is also noted that the state institutions influence the quality and quantity of provided information. The article presents advantage of the state in disclosing and deriving information from the surroundings and during its distribution. It also identifies the factors of cutting expenses for getting information.

As the basic, priority direction of the state policy in the sphere of forest exploitation strategy of a steady development or steady management of the woods is accepted. This strategy is based on the certain principles criteria which non-compliance brings a forest complex into an unstable (crisis) state when there is no economic efficiency and ecological safety of use of the woods. In the present article imbalances (deviations from the principles) in a control system of development of the woods are considered. Taking into account specifics of functioning of the forest complex, features of the arising social and economic relations and the elements of forest policy systematization of deviations is given. For possibility of the analysis of deviations their ecological, economic and social consequences (losses) are revealed and considered. On the basis of the system approach the connection of losses with the managing influence is shown. The general scheme of an assessment of a steady development of the forest complex is offered.

In this article the shortcomings of modern analysis of the clusters are ana-lyzed. The process of formation of territorial and production systems is consid-ered. The main regularities in their development and a cell, an elementary pro-duction system are marked out. Properties of an elementary production system and the indicators of its quantitative evaluation are analyzed. It is shown that the complexes clusters are formed owing to an existence of various coherences at the local and regional level; at the corporate level this coherence represents a strate-gic sinergizm. Determination of sinergizm is given, mechanisms of its formation are considered, classifications of sinergizm are compared and the ways of achievement of synergetic effects are analyzed. The main conclusion that the con-trol of formation of the complexes clusters has to be exercised taking into account the regularities of territorial and production processes and the branch and cor-porate features of integration is drawn and has to be aimed at the providing of steady, social eco-economic development of the region.

During the First World War, the Russian Far East became a place of forced exile of thousands of prisoners of the war from Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey. These extremely massive migration flows, on the one hand, significantly developed the economic life of the Far East region, on the other - to promote the involvement of the eastern edge of Russia in the political life of the country, dramatically revolutionized contingent of the prisoners of war, riveted to the Far East close attention of the foreign powers. Thus, the management of prisoners consisted in cutting off their troops from the general population of the Far East of Russia and sent to the knowingly uninhabitable conditions. By the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on August 12, 1914 all the Austrian and German male subjects aged 18 to 45 years old, residing in the territory of the Russian state, capable of bearing arms were considered prisoners of war and the subject to immediate arrest and expulsion from the European part of Russia as the persons inclined to espionage and treason.

In this article the history of creation and development of the system of governing bodies of the Jewish autonomous region is considered. Features and problems of formation of the system of governing bodies are revealed: shortage of the necessary personnel structure and absence of the necessary material base for implementation of the imputed powers. Process of formation of the structure of governing bodies and the personnel number proceeded from the real requirement. According to the legal acts, public authority of the region was the Council of deputies of workers of the autonomous region. An executive and administrative organ of the council was the executive committee elected by it. In the article the role of party bodies of the region in creation and the implementation of economic and welfare plans of development of the region, and also the feature of formation of the system of governing bodies of the Jewish autonomous region are revealed.

In this article, the author describes the development of logging industry in the Russian Far East during the eighth five-year industrial plan. Given analysis of the forms and methods of Minlesprom and the logging and construction companies’ work in the Far East, provided reconstruction and construction of new timber farms, allowed the introduction of advanced technology, new equipment and increased the volume of logging. The greatest attention is paid to the organization of work to strengthen the material - technical base of the construction organizations, improving the quality of design and survey work activities, providing them with qualified personnel. Experience of construction of the new forest roads, mechanized platforms on cutting of the wood, the top warehouses with the equipped working settlements is reflected in the so-called economic way in this article. Forest industrial farms (further – FIF) created the construction base for construction of the objects, providing it with the qualified personnel, construction equipment and project documentation resolved the problems. As a result of collaboration of the construction organizations and FIF during the eighth five-year industrial plan 22 FIF new began their work and 8 were reconstructed, that allowed them introduce widely new equipment, improve the technology of logging works.

The paper analyzes the ‘subjective discourse’ of the so-called Russian ‘Westernizers’, as exemplified by Nicolay Stankievitch, Vissarion Belinskiy and Aleksandr Herzen’s ego-documents. The scope of the study is how the principles of subject’s autonomy / subject’s integration may combine. In the ideology and self-awareness of Russian Westernizers’ movement of the XIX c., asserting the value of an ‘autonomous self’ meant at the same time rejecting a transcendental ‘divine’ authority and showing nihilism in respect of the then existing social norms and prescriptions. The loss of metaphysical foundations for social integri-ty was compensated by the incorporation of subject (self) in the historical pro-cess, often proceeding at the level of linking the present social alienation to the future integrity of the society. Subject’s involvement with history represents itself through the ‘transgression personality traits’ which are symptomatic of disparity between a ‘historical figure’ and actual circumstances. History itself acquires the traits of a sacral combination of autonomy and heterogeneity.

In this article the ontological bases of formation of the model of American exclusiveness through a prism of democracy of participation of Sheldon Volin are considered. The democracy became a key element in the creation of American exclusiveness. Besides, the democracy of participation became the main export product which allowed modern America become the recognized world leader. What valuable bases are the cornerstone of the American superiority and how models of export and internal democracy in the modern America differ? Besides, in this article enough attention is paid to the assumption of interdependence of democracy of participation and the concept of American exclusiveness.

The problem of foreign languages impact on the development of national culture is examined in the article. Language and culture are shown to be mediated objective reality by artifacts, and cross-cultural communication is mediated by the specific form of the mediation realization. One of the main form of cross-cultural communication concerns with the foreign languages study including a number of aspects: the history of methods of foreign languages teaching, theory and practices of translation, linguistic borrowings, and using foreign language in everyday life. On the material of new European languages and culture of Modernism and Postmodernism epoch is demonstrated that national culture is simultaneously a subject and an object of social and especially political process-es, anthropological and essential measure of human existence as well. The role of foreign languages culture in historical dynamics of national culture turns into the adaptation of their historical experience in the form of national conceptual-ization for these or those semantically units presented in foreign literature and in language material borrowed during foreign language study and day-to-day communication.

The Head Department of territorial development under the Governor and the Administration of the Khabarovsk Territory as well as the Council of municipal entities of the Khabarovsk Territory have been organizing training and practical seminars for the heads of municipalities, the chairmen of the representative bodies, specialists of local bodies of self-government, heads of enterprises and organizations included in the administration reserve. The most acute problems are discussed. Highly-qualified teachers of Far-Eastern Institute of Management – branch of Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of RF (Doctors and Masters of Sciences) are usually engaged in these programs as they have great practical experience, constantly analyze regulatory and legal documents, systematize information, which may and should be used in future practical work. Theoretical and practical seminars include psychological trainings, practical classes in rhetoric combined with the elements of acting skills, master-classes, etc. Psychological diagnosis of all participants is carried out. Undoubtedly significance of these events is high, both for the organizers and the participants – heads of municipalities, chairmen of representative bodies of local self-government, experts, business leaders of organizations included in the administrative reserve, etc. Today they must be highly qualified, learned professionals, socially adapted, competitive, highly-cultured and creative people, possessing social and personal competencies.

The article is devoted to the secondary socialization as to the instrument of structuring social space. The concept of secondary socialization of P. Berger and T. Lukman described by them in the book "Social Designing of Reality" is taken as a basis. The process of secondary socialization is represented as the mechanism of smooth transition from one social "sub-worlds" to another. Such "smoothness" is provided to that the individual rather easily refuses the realities of secondary socialization that favorably distinguishes it from the same "alternation" which was also described by Berger and Lukman. Secondary socialization will allow turn rather without serious consequences a vector of orientation of the Russian society from the westernized course to the more authentic, based on traditional values. Relevance of such approach for the modern Russia which enters the instability period in connection with an increase in the level of intensity with "West" is given.

The author of the present article analyzes provisions of the new Federal law of 21.07.2014 № 212-FL «About bases of public control in Russian Federation». According to the author’s opinion the pointed law deserves positive assessment but at the same time some provisions of this law need completion. In particular, it is necessary to include citizens in number of subjects of public control, to draw more clear boundary between separate forms of interaction of institutes of civil society with government bodies and local governments, to exclude «indistinct» formulations and estimated categories from the law, the use of which results in legal uncertainty and gives opportunity to the subject of legal relationships for abuse of the rights granted to it by the law. For elimination of the revealed shortcomings the existing Federal law of 21.07.2014 № 212-FL «About bases of public control in Russian Federation» needs corresponding changes.

The article attempts to give a general idea of the concept of civil liability. The author analyzes the main points of view jurists on the concept of civil offense and civil liability, draw appropriate conclusions. The study lists the hallmarks of civil liability, explore the grounds and terms for civil liability. The author notes that in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation there is no institution dedicated to the general provisions on civil liability, the grounds and conditions of the prosecution, the grounds for exemption from liability. However, the legal consolidation of the concept of civil liability, as well as the concept of tort, is of great importance for the theory of civil science, and practice of civil law.

This article discusses the most problematic issues of the investigation of theft of another's property, committed by minors according to matters of the Far East Federal district (FEFD). It’s underlined the specificity of place, time and manner of committing thefts by ones. It’s set a list of typical subjects abducted by criminals. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of the crime scene investigation on this category of cases and using modern technical and forensic tools for the initial in-vestigative action. On the basis of the study it’s made recommendations on the or-ganization and conduct the initial and next step of investigation of the crime of the above form and recommendations directed to improving the practice of law en-forcement.

The article shows the legislative measures aimed at curbing nepotism as one of the conditions for the emergence and development of corruption in the public administration the United States. Provides links to federal and state legislation establishing a prohibition and punishment for civil servants who assist their relatives and friends at the entry level in the government and administration. There are examples of uncovered and investigated the facts related to nepotism. A significant role in combating the negative effects play data public entities, whose main functions are to select of candidates for the posts and positions in the state mechanism. The main role in the prevention of nepotism is given to the principles of assessment of civil servants according to official achievements and professionalism.

In this article the main problems which investigating the authorities at the investigation of crimes in housing sector face, in particular, such problem as determination of the victim are considered. The matter is that by the investigation of criminal cases of this category, as a rule, the acting chairman of condominium, or the head of MO in commission of plunders of the money belonging to a condominium and MO is brought to a trial. Therefore, during preliminary investigation the investigators face a question of the one whom in this situation to recognize as the victim and who will represent the interests of dissatisfied side during preliminary investigation and in the court as it is obvious that one person can't be on one criminal case and accused and injured (in this case the representative of the injured legal entity). The authors of this article offer the vision of the solution of disputable situations taking into account investigative and jurisprudence practice.

The need and importance of application of the scenario approach in the management in the sphere of the air-transport services aren't called in question however it is practically not used in the process of management of the airline’s brand. This circumstance, together with the orientation of development to one scenario which is carried out by the compulsory strategic planning doesn't allow use fully a brand as one of the factors of economic stability. In this article the methodological aspects of application of scenario approach in the management of a brand in the sphere of the air-transport services are considered and the main motives of its use are revealed. The values of application of scenario approach in the management of the airline’s brand are also determined. Preference of the two-sector approach to the development of scenarios of the development of the airline’s brand which have to be guided by the scenarios of the airline development is proved.

This paper strives to explain the process and mechanisms of overcoming civilization crises. It is shown that the key resources necessary for such overcoming are the creative potential of a man and the ‘civilization asset/resource’. I offer a classification of such asset/resource (type of economy, value systems, scientific knowledge, religious practices) and show how they relate to social and material needs of people. The attention is given to such problem as the crisis of the modern creative culture arising out of the fact that creative writing, painting etc. etc. are becoming a mass phenomenon, that human existence is being primitively rationalized and that social processes becoming totalitarized. A transition from Modernism to Post-Modernism and further on to the network culture comes along with the aggravation of these crisis phenomena, while no radical solution to the crisis in the form of an adequate civilization resource has been worked by the humankind out neither globally nor locally.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the rules governing the production of pretrial investigation in the form of pretrial investigation in the criminal procedure code of Ukraine and the preliminary investigation under the criminal procedure law of Russia. The author identifies the grounds which is the study and comparison of these forms of the pre-trial investigation: categories investigated criminal cases; the entities carrying out the investigation; initiation of an investigation; the terms of the investigation of crimes; the application of measures of restraint in the course of the investigation; investigative (detective) actions during the investigation; termination of the investigation. During the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the pretrial investigation of the criminal procedure code of Ukraine and a preliminary investigation under the criminal procedure code of Russia have similarities and differences. The pretrial investigation of Ukraine starts from the moment of registration messages about crime in the Unified register of pretrial investigations. A preliminary investigation of Russia begins from the moment of making an official decision on a criminal case, and not from the date of registration messages about the crime.

The article is devoted to the problematic questions arising by the investiga-tion of illegal crossing of the frontier of the Russian Federation in the check points and making a methodical and tactical basis of the criminal procedure actions. Considering a wide range of procedural actions which are carried out within en-suring the disclosure of this crime, undertaking from verification of the message on its commission and finishing with the adjudgement, there is a need of development of methodical recommendations and fixing for them of the structural elements ca-pable on the practical mission to give essential help to the investigator in their ac-tivity. Thanks to the available knowledge of criminalistics characteristic as infor-mation model in the investigation to be reduced the quantity of errors of criminal-istics character and solvability of these crimes will raise. In this article the wide range of scientific views existing within the studying of this perspective is consid-ered. The author formulated the definition of criminalistics characteristic of illegal crossing of the frontier, the most typical structure of this category is offered.

Debating club "How to live and manage in the Far East of Russia?" in December 12, 2014 held the next meeting with the agenda: Social quality of the population of the Far East on the basis of the Far-Eastern institute of management – branch of RANEPA by the President of the Russian Federation. The reports made: V.N. Shiyan, Candidate of Philosophy, docent of DVIU – branch of RANEPA by the Russian President and E.L. Motrich, professor of IEI DVO RAN. Representatives of the scientific public organizations and public institutions of the Far-Eastern region participated in this meeting. In the discussion of reports took part: V.K. Zausayev, Doctor of Economics, professor; V.T. Shishmakov, Doctor of Economics, professor; S.N. Kravtsov, Candidate of Economics, docent; V.F. Efremenko, Candidate of Economics, docent; E.S. Krzhizhanovskiy, Candidate of Technical Sciences, docent; S.A. Tokayskiy, Candidate of Economics.

The economic growth measured by an increase in the volumes of production in the regional economy not necessarily leads to an increase of a standard of living, an improvement of indicators of social and demographic reproduction of the population living in the region. In the Far East negative correlation between the economic and social and demographic development is observed. Development of the special measures for formation of the institutes of expanded reproduction of the population in the macro-region the most important of which is "The House" is represented.

The article discusses the need for conservation of the Amur tiger population on the territory of the Khabarovsk territory. The conclusion is that the Amur tiger conservation leads to the direct conservation of the natural-resource potential of the region. Just to mention that the density of the tiger population in protected areas in the Khabarovsk territory may be twice as high, than was previously thought, therefore, protected areas are much more important for tiger conservation. Proposed a number of measures to strengthen the protection of the Amur tiger, by means of increasing the effectiveness of protected areas.