Vol. 15 No. 4 (2022)

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of multiplier effects in the economy of the Far-Eastern federal district, generated by exogenous changes, on the household income. The Khabarovsk territory was chosen as a model region, which has a set of geographical, economic, social, including demographic, characteristics typical for the entire line of the Far-Eastern subjects of the Russian Federation. The main research method is a balance structural modeling based on the principles of national accounting methodology. Experimental assessment of the matrix of financial flows of the Khabarovsk territory is carried out, taking into account disaggregation of the household account, namely, distribution of the income by 20% (quintile) groups of population, ranked in ascending order of average per capita income. Using the matrix approach allows not only study systematically financial flows between the institutional units in the region, but also to conduct a quantitative analysis of the multipliers of exogenous aggregate demand, demand for the residents' products, demand for production factors (capital and labor). The time frame of the study covers the 2019-2020 biennium. The scientific interest in this period is explained by an attempt to assess changes in the influence of exogenous factors on the dynamics of incomes of the population, taking into account the effect of external shock in relation to the region - a pandemic caused by the spread of a new coronavirus infection. The obtained estimates identified in numerical terms the relationship between regional socio-economic dynamics and changes in the well-being of the population in the context of its individual income groups. An increase in 2020 relative to 2019 is shown in the sensitivity of household incomes in the region to exogenous changes in gross output and the production factor - labor; decrease - the output of the residents of the region and the factor of production - capital. Income groups that influence the change in the corresponding sensitivity are identified.

Options for development of transmission mechanisms and the institutions that ensure interaction of the spatially limited economic systems under the conditions of external parameters changing of functioning are studied. Potential possibilities of the complexly organized systems of interaction building are shown. Methodological tasks are formulated for applying the theory of economic risks and the theory of catastrophes to the formal aspects of institutional organization of interaction of the local structures. The need to complicate the assessment of regional risks in the context of potential changes in the relationship between the Russian Far East and neighboring countries is determined.

This paper comprehensively collates the current situation of forestry cooperation between China and Russia and makes a judgement on its development trends. The study mainly adopts the method of empirical research to prove the credibility of the views; it uses the method of comparative research to reveal the objectivity of inferences. In recent years, China's demand for wood products has increased significantly due to the rapid economic development. Russia is one of the largest suppliers of timber to China. After joining the World Trade Organization, China's forestry development has entered a new phase. Chinese timber companies are constantly seeking and expanding new exports to the international timber market in the face of fierce competition from the foreign partners. Due to the fact that the Russia's Siberian and Far-Eastern regions have the richest reserves

Bodies of the Local government are the level of public power that is «closest» to the people. By and large, their powers are to organize the basic issues of life of the population: preschool and general education, landscaping, electrical, heat, gas and water supply, organization of leisure for the population and much more. At the same time, the assessment of the activities of public authorities is a tool made to improve the effectiveness of this activity, and, as a result, increase satisfaction of the residents with the quality of providing of the state and municipal services. Despite the fact that the official methodology for assessing the effectiveness of activities of the local self-government bodies, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 2008 No. 607 is constantly being adjusted, in practice, attempts to improve it, including for the more accurate accounting of the specifics of each territory continue. Thus, the purpose of this article was to assess the need and opportunities to improve the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of local governments in the Khabarovsk territory. Consideration of this issue on the example of specific subject is due to the fact that the modern official methodology assumes it before setting it up in the region. The article analyzed the genesis of the methodology and the results of assessing the effectiveness of activities of the local self-government bodies of the Khabarovsk territory in the period from 2017 to 2021. The analysis made it possible to put forward the assumption that introduction of an indicator of the degree of achievement of strategic goals for development of the municipality in the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of activities of the local self-government bodies of the Khabarovsk territory will make it possible to more accurately take into account the specifics of each territory.

The article presents an analysis of contemporary government support of agricultural insurance in the Russian Federation. It includes the key stages of agriculture system development and reforms in 1993-2021. This article contains the results of government support for insurance implementation in the crop and animal husbandry in the Russian Far East in 2019–2021.The study revealed that agricultural insurance in the Russian Far East is actively developing. However, the Far-Eastern regions are at the bottom of rating among the federal districts due to the limited areas suitable for agriculture and overestimated insurance rates.

The article considers the existing methodological approaches to assessing the economic security of the region. The review of methods showed that they differ from each other in terms of the indicators involved in assessment, their threshold values, and methods used to analyze the selected indicators Taking into account the fact that economic security is a specific historical category, the article proposes, when selecting indicators for evaluation, to rely on the current regulatory legal acts that determine direction of the Russia's socio-economic development and are related to different aspects of economic

The article focuses on the role of social infrastructure in improving the quality of life of the population and in improving the demographic situation in the Russian Far East. Description of methods of measuring the need for reproduction of social infrastructure is presented. Based on the example of land rationing, rationing of social infrastructure in the field of education and health care, retrospective assessment of experience of using the normative method of measuring the need for reproduction of social infrastructure in Russia is presented. The value of normative method in the system of formation of social standards has been determined.

The results of analysis of housing sector in the Primorsk territory indicate an unsatisfactory situation. Primorye is characterized by a low total housing area per 1 resident, a lag in housing commissioning from the western and central regions of Russia, high share of dilapidated and emergency housing, low share of housing equipped simultaneously with water supply, drainage, heating, hot water supply, gas, etc. The pace of providing affordable housing for residents of the Primorsk territory laid down in regional programs is being implemented, but it is insufficient to significantly improve the situation. Extensive measures are mainly used: stimulating demand for housing, increasing funding for housing construction programs, reducing mortgage loan rates, implementing the Far-

Theoretical statements of the classics of the «mainstream» of economy, presented in the form of econometric formulas, should be confirmed by empirical studies on the indicators of modern statistics. Domestic statistics, based on the traditions of planned economy, completes the transition to international data production standards. The 2024 Strategy Rosstat, adopted in 2018, is aimed at deepening international integration, which, in turn, will allow the application of achievements of world economic thought in assessing development of the country, its regions, industries and

The article presents the main methodological approaches and results of empirical sociological studies of one of the significant phenomena of social consciousness, the prestige of professions. Based on the methodology of its stratification measurement, the subjective ideas of the 8th-11th grade students in the Khabarovsk Territory are analyzed according to their motives for choosing a prestigious profession, the role of parents, teachers and other representatives of vocational guidance, as well as the prestige of secondary and higher education organizations in the region, their correlation with indicators of the labor market and specialties (professions) of graduates of educational organizations of different levels. The ideas of school students about the prestige of professions and the relationship with the process of educational migration of graduates from the territory of the region to the central regions of the country are indicated, which increase the shortage of specialists and skilled workers and reduce the professional and intellectual potential of the regional labor market. Scientific and practical recommendations are proposed for conceptualizing of the process of professional orientation towards students' conscious choice of specialties (professions) and the formation of their images and meanings, reflecting not only their personal, but also social needs for the development of their territories of residence. The basis for the implementation of the proposed approaches can be a sociological analysis of socio-professional stratification and the needs of the regional labor market in specialties (professions) that ensure the prestige of professional activity in the Khabarovsk Territory.

The article presents the results of sociological research of the social phenomenon of corruption in the citizens perception. The results of sociological survey were obtained in 2021–2022 on the sample of residents of the Leningrad region. Analysis of data allowed identify the main social attitudes of citizens in relation to the corruption and anti-corruption policy conducted by the authorities. Sociological measurement shows that corruption is perceived by respondents as a widespread and frequently unavoidable social practice. At the same time, motivational attitudes of respondents are characterized by rationality, predominance of opinions about the positive impact of corruption on the speed

Volunteering is becoming more widespread in our country, involving schoolchildren and students as the main driver. The article treats volunteering as a social institution. Based on expert interviews (N = 12) with the heads of volunteer organizations and their divisions, trends in the development of volunteering from the position of the functions associated with them are highlighted. MAXQDA software is used to process and visualize high-quality data. As the leading trends in volunteering, they indicate the professionalization, commercialization, popularization and digitalization, as well as the rapid increase in state influence. In the current trends, conflicting trends are manifested, the social meanings of volunteering are changing with the transition from altruistic motivation to volunteering as a job that gives young people career opportunities and social mobility. The perception of volunteering was significantly influenced by the pandemic, which revealed the contradictions between volunteering as a consciously chosen lifestyle and the consumer attitude of the population towards volunteers. The article discusses possibilities of the volunteer participation in solving the socially significant issues. On the one hand, pseudo-participation is developing through the use of the administrative resource of schools and universities, on the other hand, the practices of expressing and taking into account the opinions of volunteers on socially significant issues have not been developed and are not fixed. Volunteering as a social institution is currently undergoing a period of transformation, manifested in a variety of dysfunctions and a change in the generation of volunteers with altruistic motivation by pragmatic volunteers. All this requires state to rethink the ideological foundations with the formation of new meanings of volunteering and the development of new practices for involving and participating young people.

The socio-structural changes taking place in the Russian society have shown that the successful implementation of reforms is impossible without active civic participation. We have to state that the transformation is largely hampered by the civic passivity of Russians, their weak involvement in solving problems at the place of residence. Residents, experiencing difficulties, shift the solution of problems to local governments, which, in turn, need public initiatives at the local level in conditions of limited budget funds. In this regard, the identification of conditions that encourage citizens to voluntarily participate in public life, the organization of collective interaction aimed at improving the quality of life, becomes very significant. The article analyzes neighborhood practices as a social potential for the formation of larger resources. It has been established that conflict, as a contradiction between desired and reality, is an incentive for spontaneous social contact, in the process of interaction, which acquires the character of self-organization of residents at the place of residence. Small groups are indicated to be more effective than the large groups. The motives for participation of individuals in achieving the public good are considered. Analysis of the data obtained during the focus groups made it possible to formulate the following conclusions: spontaneous social contact occurs when a conflict situation occurs; the condition for productive joint actions is the real possibility of resolving contradiction and changing the resource, as well as the prospect of obtaining its own benefit - material or reputational; cooperation and support for civic initiatives requires information support and is impossible without support and approval from the authorities.

Border territories of the Russian Far East are the most important resource of our country, development of which is associated with the special geopolitical situation of these territories, specifics of international relations and cross-border cooperation. Their close proximity to the Asia-Pacific markets is a strategic advantage. Significant consumption due to the high population level of neighboring countries is the prerequisites for development of effective international cooperation. The key features of development of the border territories of the Far East are considered. Separate public policy instruments are identified that determine the prospects for development of the border areas on the example of the Jewish autonomous region.

The article examines the transformation processes of institutional environment that shape the development of the Russian Far East's energy sector under the global «green» energy transition. It is portrayed that the key relevant legal norms were adopted in 2020–2021; therefore, they have not yet affected the sectoral and production proportions of the energy sector. Two promising technological direc-tions are identified that form the material basis for the energy transition in Russia: power generation based on renewable energy sources (RES) and hydrogen tech-nologies. It was revealed that electricity market segments and territories highly dif-ferentiate in terms of the state support for developing RES. Shortcomings of the mechanisms of RES state support for each segment of the market and territories are identified, and their evolution over time is displayed. The development of hydrogen technologies is at the initial stage: the regulatory and legal framework has been formed, and the scientific and technological potential has been consolidated. The current development model of the energy sector of the Far East of Russia is characterized, and the conditions for its transformation against the backdrop of the global energy transition are analyzed. It has been determined that the most effective state support measures do not cover most of the territory of the Far East. As such, the prospective share of RES in the generation mix of the majority of the Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation will not exceed 1%. Conditions for hydrogen production in the regions of the Russian Far East are analyzed and competitive advantages, barriers and threats are determined.

In the emerging new economic conditions, the role of the Russian Far East as a critical element in the implementation of the Eastern vector of the development of the Russian economy is growing. Increased attention to the Far Easter uncovers opportunities for the growth of its investment attractiveness and raises issues of economic and social development of the Far-Eastern territories. An essential element of regional development is the conditions of the budgetary systems of the Far-Eastern regions – their ability to develop their own sources of revenue and increase their self-sufficiency. The article considers the current state and problems of tax and non-tax revenues of budgets in the regions of the Russian Far East. The Far-Eastern regions are significantly differentiated in terms of the size and structure of budgetary revenues, which leads to different reactions to changes in the economic situation and tax regulation. Over the past ten years, the regions of the Russian Far East have demonstrated modest growth in tax revenues, which is a joint result of both economic development trends and the tax policy pursued by the state. An estimate of the size of shortfalls in revenues of regional budgets for corporate income tax as a result of preferential tax regimes is assessed. The dynamic development of the economy’s resource and raw materials sector enabled a significant tax potential in the macro-region that can be used as a source of additional financial support for regional budgets and the formation of “development budgets”. Impacts on the budgets of the FarEastern regions in the case of partial decentralization of the federal part of the mineral extraction tax are considered.

The ESG-policy (policy in the field of environmental, social and corporate governance) as an instrument for implementing the concept of sustainable development has been studied. The international and Russian practice of applying ESG principles in the corporate sector is considered. The institutional field of state regulation of the ESG policy in the Russian Federation is analyzed with an emphasis on its environmental component. Possibilities of using the taxonomy of sustainable development projects of two types (green and adaptive) as an instrument of the ESG policy to attract concessional financing and to form economic incentives for transition to the advanced environmental standards are shown. Examples of implementation of ESG approaches at the corporate level in the natural resource sector of the Russian Far East are considered. Promising for implementation for the forest-rich Russian Far East are forest-climate projects (measures for reforestation and afforestation, conservation of especially valuable forests, increasing the degree of beneficial use of forest resources) related to green taxonomy. The potential for reformatting promising investment projects in the resource sector of the Far-Eastern federal district into sustainable development projects is shown on the example of the formation of a metallurgical cluster. The possibility of transferring the principles of the ESG policy from the corporate level to the level of macro-regional regulation in the Far-Eastern federal district is considered. This will expand the structure of investment sources for the implementation of the state policy of accelerated development of the macro-region through green financial instruments for resource projects that have the potential to move into the taxonomy of sustainable development projects.

In the article, the author presents an analysis of demographic situation in the Far-Eastern federal district in its modern administrative boundaries, approved and formalized at the end of 2018. When compiling demographic portrait and analyzing the prevailing demographic processes in the Russian Far East, statistical materials were