Vol. 7 No. 1 (2014)

Economic growth at Far Eastern region accompanies by depopulation. It’s no corresponded with classical economy. It’s cleared at the article, that the high-tech industry and perfectly military-industrial complex are stabilizing to population, offered employment. Analogy follows to Japan’s Technopolis.

The formation and realization of investment in innovation with the aim of in-creasing the competitiveness and sustainable growth of the industrial complex takes place in the framework of the national innovation system. An essential condition for the effective development of the investment and innovation system is the assessment and analysis of available experience of the leading countries with regard to the global perspectives on the market.

The article deals with the financial and economic aspects of the activities of so-cially oriented non-profit organizations in the Russian Federation and the far eastern Federal District; it analyses the main problems these organizations to the development and full participation in the regional economic and social development. Study on qualitative and quantitative composition of the sources of funding so-cially oriented non-profit organizations, depending on the type of their activities.

The article describes the theoretical aspects of the model changes of the monetary conditions under the instability and uncertainty. An objective need for discretionary instruments in formulating and implementing of monetary policy is discussed. The analysis of basic theory of the banking system, money and loans is given. The absence of common understanding and acceptance mechanism of monetary emission in various theories used in banking practice today is revealed. It is shown that while the use of elements of the banking and monetary schools in the construction of the banking system led to conflicting interpretations with respect to the monetary issue. It is proved that the basis for modern banking practices is the loans theory of capital formation, which is based on the priorities of active operation on passive and reveals the mechanism of non-cash issue. Conclusions on the need to develop adequate conditions for the development of modern economic relations, theoretical basis for the formation of monetary policy are given.

Enterprises’ ability to change and improve is one of the conditions for its competitiveness. Therefore, the assessment of the degree of its competitiveness is based on innovativeness, responsiveness to innovations, as well as on an increase in a market share by introducing the innovations. Taking into account these factors, the enterprises’ competitive advantages are determined, based on which their investment and innovation strategy is designed.

In this article the main problems of socioeconomic development of the Sak-halin region are considered, the evaluation of possibility of creation of the territory with a specific mode of managing is made, conceptual directions of its functioning are formulated, scenarios of perspective development are proved and counted, com-parative estimates of their efficiency from the point of view of the solution of geostrategic tasks in the Far East are carried out.

In the article the main medico-demographic problems influencing the formation of manpower in the Far-Eastern federal district in the period of 2000 – 2012 are analyzed, the risks of providing with manpower economy of the region come to light, the forecast of further demographic development till 2030 is determined. The conclusions how the health system of the region can affect the solution of these problems, main of which are: high mortality of the persons of able-bodied age and the infantile mortality, insufficient birth rate.

The article presents the results of studies of the financial engineering of fundamental and applied research. Key provisions specifying the need for the government regulation of scientific work are given. The study concluded the need for the project-based funding mechanisms for the university science.

The article summarizes a range of aspects of foreign scientific studies on the social-economic, social-legal, social-medical, social-ecological, social-cultural and other problems of farming, represented by the separate academic schools in foreign countries. Positions and concepts of the USA concerning agricultural sustainability in the context of humanitarian aspects of the rural population’s survival strategies and sustainability of rural community are viewed in the paper.

In this article the main problems of socioeconomic development of the Sak-halin region are considered, the evaluation of possibility of creation of the territory with a specific mode of managing is made, conceptual directions of its functioning are formulated, scenarios of perspective development are proved and counted, com-parative estimates of their efficiency from the point of view of the solution of geostrategic tasks in the Far East are carried out.

In 2001 Russia and the PRCh have signed the Treaty on good neighborhood, friendship and cooperation. And in October, 2004 - the Additional agreement on the Russian-Chinese border on the Eastern part. These events have sharply urged the inter-est of the readers to the history of formation of the Russian-Chinese Border. At the same time, reading of not a lot of materials about the history of this problem, only increases the readers quantity of the questions. For example, when the reader learns, that under the Beijing Treaty of 1860 the Qing Empire gave Russia a very large area along the rivers Amur and Ussuri, he immediately arises the questions: - Why? What are the reasons of transfer are so vast lands? And who lived here before the arrival of the Russians? This latter question and tried to answer the author of this article.

This article describes the history of the promotion of voluntary associations, assisting law enforcement authorities in the detection and suppression of offences in the field of economics and public administration. It’s shown various forms of activity of the population, including workers and employees of various enterprises, establishments and activities of comrade courts operating in all areas of public life. The article is illustrated with a significant amount of statistical information and examples related to the activity of initiative groups of citizens, as well as examples of the impact of such activity, including, inter alia, persons who have committed offences in the area of public administration, economy and finance. It’s demonstrated the role of State and Party structures, organising and influencing similar activity.

The article deals with the reorganization of higher military control of the USSR and the influence on it of external military and political factors.The purpose of this article is to determine the group of military-political factors have caused the changes in the military government that took place in 1950 Scientific novelty of the article is that the author of the first attempt to study the problem of relationships between changes in the military government of the Soviet Army and the factors of military-political confrontation USSR and the USA. Based primarily historical documents, the author concludes that the rapid development of the events of late 1949 - early 1950 caused the beginning of a new round of military-political confrontation between the USSR and the United States forced the Soviet leadership to divide a single Ministry of the Armed Forces for two - Military and Naval . At the same time , establish and highest state authority of the Armed Forces of the USSR – the Supreme Military Council , Council of Ministers , headed by Stalin.

At a boundary of 1930ies command of Special Far East army (SFEA) fased se-rious problems of a political morale of its staff. Problems were expressed in so-called “anti-Sovet moods” – negative attitude and rejection of policy of the state from consi-derable part of red Army men. Command undertook active actions on overcoming of these phenomena of problems and strengthening of a political morale of armies. In the article the main forms of manifestation of an antisovietism are analyzed from Red Army men and the main measures undertaken by command? For its overcoming and discipline strengthening in armies.

Article is devoted to the theme of applications of citizens in local government and reflects the main points made by Russian President Vladimir Putin in his annual address to the Federal Assembly in 2013 on local government issues. In this article an example of Khabarovsk Krai municipalities analyze and summarize the progress of the Federal Law "On the order of consideration of citizens of the Russian Federation" in 2007 – 2012 . Author of suggestions aimed at improving the effectiveness of citizens' Institute in the municipalities of Khabarovsk Krai.

In this article the participation of the units of the Primorsk boundary district in Harbino-Girinsky offensive operation is considered during the war with Japan in 1945. The tasks and the operations procedure of the frontier guards are opened. The description of activity of special groups – the groups of attack created in the armies of the boundary district is given. The main objective of these groups was the liquidation of enemy objects in the front strip. The problems of management by the operations and the communication organizations are opened. The questions of carrying out the educational work are reflected by the carrying out the fighting tasks. Statistical characteristic of the actions productivity of the army units of the Primorsk boundary district is given.

In this article an attempt of consideration of the essence of work and its functions in context of the unconscious is made. The analysis of economic, socio-biological and psychoanalytic theories considering the role and the place of in-stincts in definition of human nature and their reflection in human activity, work of an individual is carried out. On the basis of analysis of works of K. Marx,Yu. Khabermas, E. Zhaks, B. F. Porshnev, Yu.I. Semenov similarities and distinctions between the work of an individual and the activity of animals are revealed. Various conceptual approaches given in the works of G. Zimmel, G. Hegel, E. Fromm, A. Marshall, K. Marx on ambivalence of work as sacrifice, alienation and as the pleasure from doing, usefulness, creativity, the results of work are studied. The same concepts are studied in biosocial views of essence of the work, presented in W. Raikh's psychological theory. Approaches to understanding of the nature of work from the positions of the psychoanalytic theory of S. Freyd, G. Markuze and the theory of archetypes of K.G. Jung are considered.

The article presents a sociological analysis of social activity of the residents from the Khabarovsk territory as a base of the civil society. Sociological analysis showed that the main problems of mature civil society are the low level of social activity of citizens, weak willingness to defend their rights, their low participation in social life of the territory in which they reside, the low level of involvement in the activities of public bodies. At the same time, the results showed, there aren't information conditions for the values of social service, altruism, social participation and social support in the community.

The growth of teenager sexual activity and behavioral peculiarities observed nowadays are caused basically by the illiteracy of healthy life. First time in Sakhalin region the prospective research was performed to analyze sexual behavior and reproductive attitudes of female teenagers aged 14 – 19 years (n=1130) in Sakhalin region.

This article is devoted to discussion the concept of the ‘state services’, the trend of formation and development of the state services and their role in social and economic development. Particular attention in the article the authors paid to the issues of state satisfaction with the quality of state and municipal services. The authors provide recommendations for improving this thing.

The focus of numerous and long-methodological, theoretical and scientific-research works in the field of jurisprudence, sociology, Economics, psychology, political science, and others, are the offences connected mainly with the criminal aspects of the acts. Unrepresented in the scientific literature (including in sociology) were the researches, connected with «easier» illegal violations. Statistical analysis of the state of cases in the field of the acts, committed by the officials of the internal Affairs allowed compare the trend committed by the police officers violations in different regions of the country. Sociological approaches to assessment, diagnostics, forecasting, overcome and prevention in the work of the law enforcement officers are offered. Underestimation of the socio-psychological aspects of misconduct on the changes that occur in the psyche and moral appearance of the commit misdemeanors, as well as the impact of the violations on the contact group on the social environment, to mutual relations in the system «state employees – citizens of the country», leads to the gradual separation of the civil society, to the deregulation of the state control mechanism.

Brief analysis of the civil law corruption antagonism is given in this article, in mutual connection with the juridical legal means, used in the foreign states. Means of the beef domination is not enough effective. Foreign experience of civil law means usage, as the example of Republic of Korea, shows their effectivity for the criminal activities antagonism that allows eliciting corruption facts on the early stage. The author has made the following conclusion: Civil law means application promotes the prevention and reimbursement of the done damage to the persons, injured from the corruption deeds and brings to the social justice. Considered by the author the civil law means of corruption antagonism, might be used for Russian legislation about corruption antagonism for perfection for perfection.

The article examines the legislation concerning the activities of a lawyer in criminal proceedings, which revealed some gaps in the regulation of activities of the defense attorney in a modern criminal process. Attention is focused on such problems of unfair execution of professional duties by the defense attorney as: the psychological impact of the lawyer on the people; not effective activity of the free defender; normalization of relations between the lawyer and the all sides of proceedings and other. Some problems discussed in the article, with minimum research by the scientific community, despite the damage inflicted on the principles of criminal proceedings. Based on the analysis of the causes underlying the problems, the ways to improve the legislation in the regulation of procedural provisions of the defense attorney are suggested, which were reflected in specific changes and additions.

The article deals with the theoretical questions of prevention of the offenses using the legal means. The analysis of the concept of legal means to prevent, types of the legal instruments and principles for their application. We consider the etymology of the analyzed concepts. Certain aspects of the topic of this research on various areas of the public relations at various times attracted the attention of scholars and practitioners. The particular theoretical and methodological significance in the study of the subject are the works of S.S. Alekseev , S.N. Bratus’, Yu.M. Kozlov, B.M. Lazarev. The author shows e different points of view of the scientists, such as D.A. Kovachev, V.N. Kartashow, M.I. Baytin. These views are studied, analyzed, on the basis of their works the author gives his evaluation of the investigated phenomena. While working on the article, the authors used the general scientific and public-scientific methods of learning.

In this article the appearance of "Jewish problem" in Russia, and also the political, social, economic and religious reasons of its appearance are considered. It is established that for Russia the "Jewish problem" became actual in the XVIII-XIX centuries and was connected with the state policy concerning the Jewish population. The essence of such policy during the studied period was reduced to the establishment and development of "the pale of settlement" which was expressed in restriction of the rights of Jewish population in a free choice of residence, a type of professional activity and access to the cultural and educational values. The results of restrictions became a distress of Jews at the beginning of the XX century and their mass migration to the countries of the foreign and neighboring countries. Creation of the Jewish autonomous region was one of the versions of the solution of "Jewish problem" by the Soviet power in the 20 –30th of the XX century, based on ideas of the self-determination of "the people oppressed by tsarism". In this context the local bodies of the authority and management taking into account the national features freely had to be formed, develop the culture, education and religious traditions.

The article is dedicated to specialities of ship repair development in environ-ments of Far East. Main difficulties and contradictions in progress of this national economy branch belonging to the region are revealed. It is shown, that during the whole period being researched, a persistent deficiency of ship repair capacities remained, which could especially be felt in the civilian fleet. Light is brought upon issues of new plant building. Main tendencies in development of manufacture capacities and manufacture arrangement at ship repair plants of different departures are designated. Problems of branch science are marked. The autor comes to a conclusion, that departmental disunity of concerns, as well as a lack of a unified, coordinated branch science has significantly retarted ship overhaul development. All of this did not allow to completely cover the needs of military and civilian fleet of far eastern basin in ship overhaul. This article is dedicated to the development of ship overhaul during the years 1965 – 1975.

The article discusses the subjective and objective determinants of entrepre-neurial intentions of the student's youth. The author points out the importance of re-search in this direction, because analyzing information about who today is an entrepreneur, what demographic, social, economic characteristics they possess, what problems are experiencing, we can predict the main indicators of socio-economic development of the region. However, no less important is the study of the views of that group of young people who identify themselves in the future as an entrepreneur. In social science such a category of human are the potential entrepreneurs. Potential entrepreneurs include people who do not have their own business, but they will want to open it in the future. The author presents the results of sociological research, which explain essence of potential entrepreneurs, and characteristics of this social group.

The article analyzes the different interpretations of inquiry (criminalistical) situation is determined by its effect on the quality of production verification report a crime and preliminary investigation. Attention is paid to the specifics of the crime scene , the need for owning border officials of the FSB Russia excellence , because of the potential complications of international relations with neighboring countries . On an example of contemporary events shown that the work of border agencies is under attention of the world community, and that in such circumstances requires flawless performance. The article also highlights the problem of production urgent investigative actions are not under investigation for border authorities that legal scholars do not investigated in full.