Vol. 6 No. 4 (2013)

In this article the theoretical aspects of monetary and credit regulation are considered. Distinctive features of the concept of monetary and credit regulation in a «broad» and «narrow» sense of the word are formulated. In the first case regulation is the system the subjects of which function at the state and non-state levels. The main subjects of regulation at the state level are revealed: the Bank of Russia, the Federal Treasury, the Ministry of Finance. In the article the role of non-state regulation which is carried out by commercial banks in the course of crediting is shown. The special attention is paid to the allocation of two activities of the Bank of Russia (monetary policy and bank supervision), having impact on the credit activity of commercial banks and the indicators of the monetary and credit sphere. Relevance of the considered theoretical questions is caused by an increase of the requirements to efficiency of the monetary and credit regulation now that demands the scientific justification.

Due to the application of the method of production function for forecasting of the needs of economy in wage labor in the article three groups of problems are considered. The first group is connected with a choice of production functions. The second group of problems was determined by the possibilities of practical interpretation of the parameters of studied functions regarding the reliability of the evaluation and their corresponding to the real economic processes. The third group – is caused by the realization of methods of an evaluation of parameters of the production function on the basis of macroeconomic information. The authors concentrated the attention on production functions with the constant parameters.

The paper discusses the level of the Russian Far East transportation infrastructure development in terms of its integration into the North-eastern Asia transport market. The territory of the Far-Eastern Federal District is considered with the allocation of four segments. The author used the zoning of the Pacific Institute of the geographical Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ by the researchers M. T. Romanov and P.Ya. Baklanov detailed with the application of the cluster analysis method. The main indicators of transport functioning and the characteristics of transport networks (density, intensity of use) were put in the basis of clusters allocation (the volume of transportations, freight turnover). The segments of the Far East were analyzed from the point of view of specifics of the transport system development. The features of separate segments were marked out from the point of view of the transport functioning. The promising directions of transport development of the region’s separate segments were considered taking into account the possibilities of integration into the transport market of the North-eastern Asia.

At present, the development of world energy is inextricably connected with the use of hydrocarbons. In connection with this agenda sharply raises the question about the depletion of hydrocarbons and the time period during which the global economy is guaranteed to be ensuring the energy hydrocarbons. This paper assessed the global energy balance, and the prospects for its development, and the resource base of the planet. It is noted that in spite of the rapid development in the current renewable energy sources in the near future, the oil will retain its leading position.

This article is devoted to the problem of the tax administration, arising in the calculation, withholding and transfering of the personal income tax by the tax payee. The taxable period for the tax on individual income is a calendar year and the quarterly reports does not provide. The tax department is unable to use the cameral tax audit for the control of timeliness amounts of the tax on individual income which are transfer to the budget by the employer as well as the accurateness of tax calculation and withholding. Monitoring of payments to the budget amounts withheld is possible only within the framework of a field tax audit of the organization. According to the authors, such tax administration of personal income tax does not justify its costs, and the tax payment in fact are postponing to a later date. The absence of intermediate control allows individual tax payee to use this amount of tax on personal income as a borrowing for the refill of the operating assets. The authors proposed and proved the effective replacement of field tax audit by the cameral tax audit and also the tax reports, which are simplify the tax administration system.

This article is devoted to the problem of the proceeding of the pre-judicial settlement of the tax disputes. A retrospective analysis of the activities of this institution was presented. The author shows the effectiveness of the pre-judicial settlement method. Positive experience of the judicial practice was analyzed. The author determines the main reasons of the tax disputes and procedure of the satisfaction of requirements of the taxpayers in the pre-judicial settlement process. Some perspectives of development of the pre-judicial settlement of the tax disputes were suggested and the new legal standards were analyzed.

The article discusses the state and prospects of investment cooperation between the Russian Far East and the Republic of Korea. The factors causing low investment attractiveness of the Russian Far East have been identified. The measures needed to overcome the obstacles in the way of attracting foreign investment in the macro-region have been determined. Some top priority sectors and projects for investment cooperation in the Russian Far East have been identified.

In March, 2013 the People's Republic of China President Si Tszin’pin visited Russia and raised the relations of strategic partnership for our countries on new level. In this situation comprehensive increase of the economic relations between China and Russia has important strategic value that is the actual requirement of transformation of the high quality mutual respect in business cooperation, the mutual answer to the world financial crisis, the mutual development of economy

The article is devoted to a territorial strategic planning and their role in the socio-economic development of municipalities. The problems of management of the territorial planning at the municipal level are allocated. The need for a strategy for sustainable development in the formation of territorial planning schemes of the municipalities is shown. The accent is made on the expediency of application the scenario approach in the process of socio-economic justification of the territorial planning schemes. An algorithm of the socio-economic study of development and adjustment schemes of the territorial planning of municipalities is given, as well as the procedure for application of the "road maps" for their implementation.

The article provides a definition of the intellectual potential of the regional management, its internal and external structure, and its formation is discussed. Estimation of the impact of the intellectual management capacity on the competitiveness of the region is given. Based on this analysis the author concludes that the intellectual management capacity is becoming the leading factor in competitiveness and economic growth of the regions.

In this article the spreading of new organizational forms and organizational relations connected with the distant access work is analyzed. The concept of distant access work is defined and its connection with the creation of organizational forms and organizational relations on the network principle is also considered here. The objectively rational factors having an influence on the transformation of organizational forms and organizational relations are distinguished in this article. The environmental factor, the factor of technological kind and the factor of the growing professionalism of workers are the most important ones. The role of the activity factor based on the value-normative component is grounded here. On this basis the concept of setization is stated in the context of the cross-cultural approach. The mental parameters of the Russians are shown, which either help to implement new organizational forms and organizational relations or impede the process, are explored in this article. The presence of mental parameters transformation of the Russians is fixed at the present stage. Some problems connected with the implementation of new organizational forms and organizational relations based on the introduction of distant access work are distinguished. Among all these problems the problem of control is the most significant and relevant in Russia. A number of issues requiring further investigation are highlighted here.

The article discusses entrepreneurship as one of the type of work, having the character of economic operation and aimed at obtaining the business income. Accordingly, in the development and stabilizing of the society, entrepreneurship performs a variety of business functions. The main ones are: innovation, management and organization of production, profit, promotion progressive development of the country. Development of the Russian small business, its role and function to strengthen the socio-economic status of the country, viewed through the prism of its regional development. The region is defined as a subject of the Russian Federation, as an administrative and territorial or national-territorial part of the state, characterized by the unity of the system of socio-economic, ethno-cultural processes and conditions.

The article is devoted to the problem of the state support of the agricultural producers in the Far East of Russia (Republic Sakha (Yakutia)).Not only relational stability was noted during the recent years in the agriculture of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), but also an increase in production, thus the territory of the Far- Eastern federal district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the most actively participating subjects in implementation of the agricultural branch support programs. The authors set a task of determination of the directives and the ways, which provide progressive, balanced growth of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). As the solution of this task the system approach is used, with the basis of a program and target method. The author identified the main aspects of the state’s support, and analyzed the indexes of agricultural activities in the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

The article is devoted to the problem of the management of the use of nature in the Jewish Autonomous Region. The leading role of the landscape analysis in the management of the use of nature is defined. The main point of the management of the use of nature is directly the exploitation of natural resources. The Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR), with significant reserves of natural resources, forests, land and water area, is the subsidized region of the Russian Federation. The weak point of successful economic development of the region remains an insufficient application of the landscape approach to the process of the management of the use of nature. From the position of economic development of the territory of the JAR is a subject which lies in the eastern part of Russia, which has certain characteristics and natural resources. From the position of the landscape approach is a zone of contact between the landscapes of the Middle-Amur lowland and the southern spurs of the Bureinsk plateau, which is considered as a continuous process of abiotic migration of substance, biogenous turnover, water turnover, etc. The evidence-based resource development area is one of the necessary instruments of the management of the use of nature.

The article examines the main issues of cooperation between the governing bodies, private business and the population in the municipal and private partnership. International experience has proved the efficiency of consolidation of efforts and resources, subject to the concurrence of the interests of partners. The main consumers of local public goods provided by the self-government bodies are not only the local population but also the organizations and enterprises working in the territory. The effectiveness of these services is the common interests of all parties to the partnership that allows make a conclusion on the feasibility of the development of municipal and private partnership. The article proposes a model for calculating the economic impact of cooperation, including the schematic account on the example of administration of the Vaninsk municipal district.

The article deals with the reorganization of the system of higher military control of the Soviet Union in the first two years after the end of the World War II. The author on the basis of the documentary reveals the inside and foreign policy reasons for reforming the armed forces of the USSR. Foreign policy reasons were the beginning of the Cold War. The internal causes are the condition of the entire military machine of the Soviet Union. Transition of the army to the peacetime conditions revealed serious shortcomings in a military training and in a technical equipment. Besides, the emergency controls created during the war did not meet the requirements of peace. At that time, it became necessary to merge the People's Commissariat of Defense and the People's Commissariat of the Navy in a Commissariat (later the Ministry) of the Armed Forces. Until 1947 it was headed by I.V. Stalin, then by N.A. Bulganin. Such a merger was due to the country's transition to a peaceful period and re-equipment and refurbishment of the Soviet Army with new modern weapons.

Geopolitical imperatives and realization of the foreign policy purposes of the state in the Pacific region, leading installations on strengthening of the economic potential and an increase of the level of national security were a powerful factor of formation of the housing and communal complex at all stages of historical development of the Far East. The situation in housing and communal services is aggravated by the fact that the coastal parts of territories in the Far East were repeatedly flooded. So, the maximum rising of water in the rivers of the Amur region, the Khabarovsk territory, JAR in 1681, 1862, 1872, 1897, 1923, 1928, 1934, 1938, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1972, 1974, 1976, 1982, 1984, 1987, 1990, 2007 were fixed. Catastrophic floods were accompanied by the destruction of buildings and constructions that demanded considerable means for restoration of life order of the population. The large-scale flood in 2013 also involves the multimillion expenses. There were thousands houses, objects of a heat supply, water supply, power supply and improvement under the water, more than 135 thousand people suffered from it.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the results of sociological research (1996, 2007, 2013) of the potential of young families of Khabarovsk territory, held by a unit methodic. The author substantiates the multidimensional nature of the social potential of young families, its dependence on objective conditions and factors, values and motives. Particular attention is paid to the sociological analysis of reproductive attitudes and behavioral characteristics of a new generation of young family in the region, evaluation of their material conditions of life, spiritual and moral basis for the family life.

The article discusses the possible model of social development, in particular the health system. The factors that may hinder or facilitate the development of this mode are identified. The mechanisms of social policy in health care are analyzed. The current state of social spheres of public life, reinforces the need for the development of social mechanisms to reduce the social tensions, protect people from the negative consequences of social change. Among them – the rationalization and implementation of social policy, which should provide some social priorities, create a system of medical and social protection of the population, to identify the groups which need help, and to develop mechanisms for the implementation of targeted social assistance in the consumption of health services. Lack of proper accounting of real needs, saving of equalization entail not only to the overestimated level of taxation, inefficient spending on, but the ineffectiveness of the health system itself, as it unfairly spreads over a huge number of its consumers are not always in urgent need of medical services, but having the ability to get them. In this situation, the system of regional selective organization of medical services is a condition of survival and self-preservation of the society.

This article is devoted to research of the problems of the educational services market. The author analyzed the general characteristics of the Russian and international experience of development of the single educational market. It was suggested same eventual directions of development and competitive growth of the higher educational institutions in the world educational market. The article consist of two parts. The first part is about the problems of the Russian educational market in the world educational market, which should be solved. The author analyses the results of the monitoring of the level of wages in the higher educational institutions. Also it was noted that there is a problem of the outflow of the personnel, low – wages, degradation of the education. The second part is about international experience of the existence and development of the higher educational institution as a subject of the market relations. This theme is very topical, because in the conditions of the innovative economic the added cost is made in the nonproductive production sphere and knowledge, qualification of the specialists have a large value.

In this article an attempt of consideration of the essence of work and its functions in context of the unconscious is made. The analysis of economic, socio-biological and psychoanalytic theories considering the role and the place of instincts in definition of human nature and their reflection in human activity, work of an individual is carried out. On the basis of analysis of works of K. Marx,Yu. Khabermas, E. Zhaks, B. F. Porshnev, Yu.I. Semenov similarities and distinctions between the work of an individual and the activity of animals are revealed. Various conceptual approaches given in the works of G. Zimmel, G. Hegel, E. Fromm, A. Marshall, K. Marx on ambivalence of work as sacrifice, alienation and as the pleasure from doing, usefulness, creativity, the results of work are studied. The same concepts are studied in biosocial views of essence of the work, presented in W. Raikh's psychological theory. Approaches to understanding of the nature of work from the positions of the psychoanalytic theory of S. Freyd, G. Markuze and the theory of archetypes of K.G. Jung are considered.

This article describes the main directions of judicial protection of their rights and legitimate interests, procedural problems of chicane and the methods of countering abuse of procedural rights of persons involved in the case. Jurisprudence of the recent years shows that often appeals to the court pursue unscrupulous purpose and have a nature of the abuse the right to sue. The consequence of this situation is the harm caused by conscientious individuals and legal entities and the state itself as a whole. The duty of persons involved in the case, in good faith to use belonging to their procedural rights. The above obligation is known to the Russian law since the Soviet times. By the article 6 of the Code of the Civil Procedure of the RSFSR of 1923 was found that the sides must conduct business in good faith not to delay the proceedings.

The low level of knowledge and representation in the science and in the modern practice the socio-psychological technologies developed in the process of theoretical-practical works on diagnostics, forecasting and prevention of misconduct in the activity of employees of the bodies of internal Affairs (MIA), leads to impossibility of enough quality professional appraisal and prevention. help to decrease the level of misconduct in the conduct of employees of MIA (in the framework of their professional activities). This social phenomenon has often the latent character. Many facts of staff misconduct in the form of administrative offences, breaches of discipline, remain unaccounted for, and the information does not fall into the statistics. Statistical analysis of the state of activity in the field of committing violations committed by the officers of internal Affairs allowed to compare the trend commits offences in different regions of the country. The degree of efficiency of the extraordinary attestation of ATS was determined, which in turn allowed to be convinced once again in the understanding that the degree of success of the implementation of complex and important tasks faced by the internal Affairs bodies, is directly dependent on the level of compliance of the personnel of the requirements of legality and discipline.