The problems associated with the formation of a systematic approach to the formation of one of the most important factors of economic development - quality human capital are considered. The solution to this strategic problem - long-term and extraterritorial - is closely related to the effective functioning of a number of specialized structures that ensure its creation and reproduction. Such complex, called “social infrastructure”, simultaneously performs a number of economic functions of a short-term localized nature, which leads to the use of dual criteria and indicators for assessing its development: from the point of view of current consumption of the social services and from the point of view of prospective growth of human capital. The necessity of coordinating strategic and local goals when considering projects for the development of social infrastructure is shown. The stages of formation of human capital in accordance with the need for its support through the creation of each stage of the social infrastructure are highlighted.
Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020)
Published: January 15, 2020
Представляю к защите
Achievement of general welfare by the people of China as a result of economic reforms
The article analyzes the general line of reforms in modern China – achievement of the welfare society, revealed the fact that a society of small welfare or “average prosperity” has already been built. The analysis of the most important indicator of national welfare - the level of nutrition of different segments of the population depending on income is given. It is shown that the nutrition level of the most affluent exceeded the saturation level. The volume and quality of nutrition of the low-income population borders on saturation of the primary physiological needs. While maintaining the current level of income differentiation, a further increase in general welfare is likely to slow down. An increase in the average per capita GNP by the middle of the 21st century to the level of medium developed countries will make it possible to increase general welfare above the average prosperous.
Теория и практика экономики и управления
Development of theory and methodology of the budget regulation
Budget regulation is one of the main parts of state regulation of the economic and social development. Theoretical aspects of budget regulation and the prospective of its mechanism development still remain as the actual scientific issues. The study aims to summarize the theoretical and methodological approaches to the essence of budget regulation. According to the contemporary scientific concepts spatial structure and the sectors of national economy are the main objects of budget regulation. We conclude that the main recommendation for budget regulations’ development relate to achievement the balance of decentralization and financial support of the state and municipal entities characterized by the law level of economic potential. The main proposals for improvement of the budget regulation of national economy concern with the development of institutions, financial support of innovation and limiting of the state control of markets. On the author’s view the risk oriented approach to the budget regulation should become one of the major directions of its improvement. Development of the concept and practical recommendation of the risk oriented mechanism of budget regulation allows achieving the balance of economic interests of the state, state and municipal entities and firms. It may also provide economy of the budgetary funds thanks to the targeted intervention in the spheres need in support. Development of the budget mechanism influenced on both spatial structure and the sectors of national economy still remains as important direction. The results of the study can be used in the educational sphere and become a basis of further investigation devoted to the public finance and state regulation of national economy.
Теория и практика экономики и управления
Formation of the fiscal sustainability of municipalities (by the example of the municipality «Birobidzhan City» he Jewish Autonomous region)
Теория и практика экономики и управления
Replacement rate as an economic indicator of effectiveness of the pension system in the Russian Federation
The article considers the ways of reforming the pension system and identifies the areas with which you can adjust the retirement age, based on the targets of the Strategy, which can only be achieved by raising the retirement age. The economic nature of the replacement rate follows from the economic nature of the labor pension itself. The author considers the replacement coefficient as the main criterion that relates to the sphere of state policy and should be decided with the priority taking into account the interests of development of the pension system. Using the pension formula, an attempt is made to increase the level of pension provision for the current and future pensioners and consider it as a universal tool for reforming the pension system.
Теория и практика экономики и управления
Результативность региональной политики в сфере развития малого предпринимательства
In 2018 two national projects: Small Business and Support of Individual Entrepreneurial Initiative Project and International Cooperation and Exports Project were launched in the Russian Federation within the framework of the state reform. They were approved at a meeting of the General Committee of the Presidential Council for Strategic Development and National Projects and became another development milestone of the government system for international cooperation including promotion of small and medium companies. The best world practices should become a major building element for successful implementation of national projects. They will help effectively open up export prospects of Russia, first of all through a state system for promotion of international trade. The Republic of Korea is one of the leaders in terms of generating its GDP by exports, and the national export support system that has been proving its effectiveness since 1960th has a valuable hands-on experience for the Russian Federation.
Теория и практика экономики и управления
The Great Patriotic War 1941–1945: Government mechanism
The article discusses the mechanism of state administration of the country during the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945, its essence, the main components, methods and tools: economic management; military command and control; management of the company, using administrative, legal, economic, political, moral, psychological, artistic and patriotic methods and tools. Their essence and influence on the achievement of victory over the enemy - German fascism is revealed. The role of the unique public administration body of the country, the State Defense Committee, is especially highlighted.
The article uses a theoretical and empirical analysis of the state and per-the prospect of entrepreneurship from the perspective of methodological approaches, developed by representatives of the German sociology, to study the genesis of the western European capitalism. Their topicality is proved by the current state of domestic entrepreneurship, taking into account the current situation of the coronavirus pandemic and the economic crisis. The essential characteristic of the “entrepreneurial spirit» is the desire of economic entity (entrepreneur) to become the effective organization of their «own business» and thirst for «profit» at the all costs. Because of the leading but controversial role of the state and its main institutions, entrepreneurship gets both: support and inhibition in the social and economic development. The confirmation of this is seen in the results of federal and regional sociological surveys for entrepreneurs about the conditions for conducting their business and attitude of the population towards it.
Социология
Migration component of demographic process in the region: statistical and sociological measurement
The article identifies the main parameters of demographic process on the example of the Khabarovsk territory in 2015-2020, indicating an increase in the rate of population decline, mainly due to the negative migration growth of the population. According to the data of state statistics bodies and the results of sociological surveys, the correlation between the population size and its migration outflow from the region was revealed. Based on the analysis of interregional population exchanges, their determining role in the demographic processes of the region is proved. Transformation of the social structure of the regional community is caused not only by the quantitative changes (population, youth, working age), but also by the qualitative changes in the ethnic composition of the region due to migration interaction with the border territories and CIS countries.
