Vol. 9 No. 1 (2016)

In this article the main questions of the state and development of the local government in the subjects of the Russian Federation of the Far-Eastern federal district are considered (further – FEFD). The main directions of reforming of the local government in the Far-Eastern territorial subjects of the Russian Federation are shown. The need of development of the concept of development of the local government at the federal level, widening of the practice of carrying out sociological polls and sociological monitoring of efficiency of development of the local government is marked. The directions of reforming of the territorial organization of the local government in FEFD are shown, the tendency of integration of municipalities in the Far-Eastern territorial subjects of the Russian Federation is given. Experience of the territorial subjects of the Russian Federation in FEFD on formation of the competences of local governments, development of the financial mechanism, interaction of the state bodies and the local government is shown.

In this article theoretical aspects of one of actual, but thus the least worked problems of the modern budgetary relations – problems of an uncertainty and losses in the budgetary process are considered. The existing approaches to determination of the category "budgetary risks", types of the budgetary risks are analyzed; allocation of the kinds of risks of the budgetary process in relation to the stages of the budgetary process is offered. Stages of risk management of the budgetary process are presented.

The article is devoted to the topical issues of development of the public civil service and based on the analysis of the dynamics of planning of development of the public civil service of the Russian Federation for the forthcoming period. The author analyzes the drafts of regulations about the main directions of development of the public civil service and the plan of measures on their realization for 2016 – 2018 and 2015 – 2018, focusing attention on the new introduction and technologization of substantial and institutional transformations.

In this article scientific techniques of competitiveness assessment of the enterprises of different authors taking into account their application in different branches of the economy are considered, the analysis of techniques is made, the generalizing conclusions and remarks to their use are created, the basic principles and requirements of creation of the system of indicators for a complex assessment of competitiveness on the basis of the system and synergetic process approach are developed. Groups of indicators for their use in the assessment of a multiple-factor integrated indicator of competitiveness are formulated, the assessment model is developed.

In this article the process of planning of strategy of the company in the form of addition of a stage of diagnostics with a sub-stage of determination of its resistance to the environment is concretized. Within the resource and market approach the concepts "strategy" as the general direction of development of the company caused by the internal potential and resistance to external influence and "strategic capacity" of the company as a set of resource potential, the organizational abilities forming the internal potential and resistance of the company to the environment are specified. Methodical approach to the analysis of strategic capacity of the company based on the allocation of internal potential and determination of resistance to external influence is offered. The evaluation of strategic potential by the complex evaluation of resource potential, expert methods of determination of organizational abilities and resistance to the environment is modified. The mechanism of choice of the strategy of development of the company including creation of a matrix of development of the company and application of algorithm of a consecutive evaluation with the use of expert methods is developed.

Analysis of the state and dynamics of functioning of the main structures forming the civil society in the Khabarovsk territory is presented in the article. They are presented by individual activity of the citizens, non-profit organizations, the regional Public chamber, the Khabarovsk regional office of the All-Russian social movement «Popular Front «For Russia»». On the basis of results of the sociological monitoring and statistical data the evaluation of the state policy of the rather public activity of the citizens and non-profit organizations, their opportunities in rendering socially useful services to the population, trust to them in the country and the region is given. It is shown that the important direction of empirical researches of the civil society is sociological measurement of levels of its development by means of the system of indicators which cover different aspects of its structure and functions.

The article presents the results of monitoring sociological research on the state of civil society in the Khabarovsk territory in 2014-2015. Especially the state of civil society revealed through the analysis of its fundamental characteristics: «social well-being of the residents», defined by the degree of comfort of living, the level and quality of life, assessment of problems of life of citizens; «assessment of observance of the rights and freedoms of citizens», based both on personal experience and on the basis of their own observations of the reality of what is happening; «the level of confidence of citizens» power, social and political institutions. The results of sociological research testify to presence of a large spectrum of problems of state of these characteristics does not allow to successfully develop civil society. Among them, low social activity of citizens, a high degree of dissatisfaction and the relevance of a large number of social problems of inhabitants, the prevalence of violations of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the low level of public confidence of government. Therefore, policy dialogue between the government and society remains one of the most important values of the democratic development of Russian society, development of civil society.

For the purpose of calculating the forecast of diseases of the circulatory system and assess the real needs for high-tech medical care to the population we analyzed data on the prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system and its individual forms over a long period of time in the Far-Eastern Federal district. The article shows considerable growth in overall and primary morbidity diseases of the circulatory system in the region over the past 10 years, and increased the corresponding values in the series available for the analysis of individual species. Unfortunately, still, there is a healthcare professionals planning needs for surgical interventions or other nosological forms of diseases of the circulatory system, there are only data showing the number of hospitalizations and surgical interventions, which makes it impossible to assess the real need for some form of medical care.

The article deals with the actual matter of using new forms of alternative dispute resolution – mediation. The authors analyze the methods and types of mediation used to resolve disputes. Special attention is given to the possible ways of using mediation to settle legal disputes. Justice system has a key role in spreading mediation practice. The authors analyze the reasons of the mediation implementation’s being slow and suggest some ways out: to increase people and judges’ awareness about the forms of alternative dispute resolution, to teach the judges to use mediation, to establish a union of mediators.

In this article the development processes of additional education (further – AE) of children in the Khabarovsk territory, according to the main program documents are analyzed. The model of formation of the state (municipal) task for the maintenance of additional education of children taking into account specifics and priorities of the regional development is offered. Development and realization of the regional model are carried out in the long term through an increase in coverage of children, irrespective of geography of accommodation and a level of income. There is a creation of special mechanism of financial support of the right of children for participation in the programs of additional education, irrespective of the family economic and social situation, and also the status of health through the personified obligations. It is specified an improvement of quality of additional education as a result of changes of technological and social way. Realization of availability of additional education of children is considered as a multilevel open, dynamic system when ensuring the following principles: state and public nature of management, partnership, state and business, interdepartmental integration, network information exchange.

In this article the analysis of modern labor market is carried out. The author focuses attention on discrepancy of the needs of labor market for professionals in this or that field of national economy and the graduated certified specialists and bachelors which has a pronounced mismatch between the demand and the offers. At the present stage of formation of the Russian society special topical character and social sharpness are gained by the difficulties of regulation of labor behavior of the young specialists. The special attention in the article is paid to the problems of employment of the young specialists with the higher arts education, in particular interpretation of the results of sociological poll of the graduates of the arts higher education institutions of Khabarovsk "Evaluation of labor motivation of the young specialists with the higher arts education" is given. Recommendations about the main directions of formation of labor socialization and integration of the students into the professional community are provided.

This article examines the approaches to the implementation of the effective contract with the academic staff of a university. Empirical researches of the effective contract implementation in university of the Khabarovsk reviewed. Discusses the legal and methodological problems of transition to effective contract. The study identified evaluation of the academic staff’s motivation level and effective indicators of academic staff’s work.

In the present article the questions connected with the nature of suspended condemnation are considered. The legal nature of suspended condemnation hasn't found accurate reflection in the criminal code of the Russian Federation. The community of suspended condemnation with punishment is shown that it provides the purposes of punishment and contains a coercion element. The author adheres to a position that suspended condemnation is a specific form of a parole from punishment. At the application of suspended condemnation and parole the court considers the character and degree of public danger, existence of the softening and aggravating circumstances. Similarity of suspended condemnation and parole is expressed in: analogousnesses of punishments to which they are applied; release from punishments; similarity of a trial period and a term of unexpired part of punishment; accounting of the identity of the convict and establishment of duties; to cancellation of a trial period and a term of unexpired part of punishment.

Honor and dignity are comprehensive, full according to the contents and concepts, deeply dialectic by the nature. They can be perceived in the sphere of moral consciousness (as feelings or as concepts) and in the sphere of ethics (as the categories of morals). Categories of honor and dignity are inseparably linked among themselves and have to be considered in the closest unity. In the modern conditions protection of human rights and the citizen becomes one of the dominants of public progress which basis is the priority of universal values. The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes that the person, his rights and freedoms are the supreme value. Recognition, observance and protection of the rights and freedoms of the person and citizen are obligation of the state (Art. 2). The rights and freedoms of the person and the citizen are directly acting. They determine the sense, the contents and application of the laws, activity of the legislative and executive authorities, local government and are provided with the justice (Art. 18). Honor and dignity of the citizen, and also the business reputation of natural and legal entities are inseparably linked with the right because their infringement or loss involve a loss of normal public relations, so, and a loss of certain status in the relations with the other subjects. Therefore honor, dignity, business reputation are the major social and legal value and requirement for any state and society and needs the corresponding legislative protection. Civil protection of honor, dignity and business reputation has a number of advantages which are caused, first of all, by the functions of civil responsibility.

In this article the attention to a collision of the standards of the Land code of the Russian Federation, on the one hand, establishing the total ban on transactions with the land plots withdrawn from circulation (including with the land plots of national parks), on the other hand, these land plots allowing (in exceptional cases) transfer to rent is paid. The author emphasized that the question of in what zones of national park transfer of the land plots to rent is admissible, has to be solved only within the federal law, but not in the departmental regulatory legal act. In the article the offer on establishment in the law of differentiated regime of the land plots of national park is formulated (from the point of view of restriction of their civil circulation).

The article describes basic measures aimed at the prevention of corruption in the sphere of New York City’s public service including prevention of interests’ conflict, providing detection of corruption offences, and breaking state behavior’s standards by public officials. Also, it was shown activities’ examples of state bodies authorized to verify of officials and affects’ measures to them. It was, too, shown various disciplinary and criminal measures provided by Law used to offenders, and it is also shown a role of using information got from whistleblowers informing about some offences.

The phenomenon of euthanasia is a reason for reflection of the public legal consciousness of the population. Due to the fact that human life is the main value of modern civilization, the problem of euthanasia has acquired a different path on demand. The value of human life against towards the all legal and moral realities creates any socio-legal problem (for example, permissibility of the death penalty, abortion, human cloning), in a particular aspect affecting the right to life, to the rank of universal, global problems. The article conducts theoretical analysis of the problems of euthanasia in Russia and abroad. Classification of euthanasia groups is given. The problem of euthanasia in the science of criminal law of Russia and foreign countries is examined. General conclusions, showing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing legislation in the field of euthanasia are formulated. The theme is insufficiently explored, however, there is a literature touching upon these problems, bearing fragmentary, journalistic character, revealing only the certain aspects of the problem, which in turn complicates or makes impossible using of the conclusions in the legal field.

The article explores the prospects of future development of the two state formation in the South-East of Ukraine, i.e. the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Lugansk People’s Republic. Considered is the creation of Novorossiya as a confederal «Union of People's Republics» and the subsequent freezing of the project. Turning to the principles of international law that define the norms of recognition of the newly-born states, the articles underlines the sharp contradictions of the international practice in this field. Analyzing the problem, the author cites the criteria for statehood formulated in the Montevideo Convention. In this connection, the case of Transnistria Moldavian Republic is analyzed. As is shown in the article, the principles and norms governing the diplomatic recognition of states are very complicated. Historically, the international law favored the recognition of the states but not territories or communities occupying them. However, in recent years some scholars have argued that the territories and communities have a moral right to secede, granted that there are sufficient reasons for doing so. Indicated are the grounds for such secession.

In the article the subject of research supports the territorial center of the Far-Eastern Transport Service (FETCCTS) Khabarovsk – one of the enterprises of the holding company «Russian Railways». During the reviewed version of the proposal of the working group of the Centre for Corporate Transport Service (CCTS) for the creation of the Center for marketing and promotion of transport services (CMPTS). Proposed his own version of the reorganization of using on-line-technology to improve the quality of customer service of JSC «Russian Railways». The application of technology «single window», which laid down the basic principles of customer relationship management (CRM-system). In addition to organizing on-line-offices CMPTS in the territory of the East of Russia proposed to establish such offices in the promising directions of development of the Eastern polygon railway network in the border cities of China, S. Korea, DPRK. Transportation services will take place on-line-mode qualified managers at the central office FETS located in Khabarovsk, Russian Federation.

Development of the modern economy provides for investment of the economy entity to the activity. Investment allows economy entity to reach advantages before competitors, to realize capacity and as a result to realize strategic objective etc. Main parameters that characterize investment activity are: the quantity of occupied with researching activity; internal expenses to researching activity; expenses of technological innovation; the quantity of organizations who takes a part in investment activity; scale of works realized independently; investment to the main capital; the quantity of elaboration and new used technologies. Nowadays is very important to invest not only science innovation, but the elaboration too, the main and humanity capitals. Today there are some disproportions in investment process. Investors try to realize projects on the territory with developed infrastructure, full of natural resources, thereby minimize investment risks.

This article deals with the problems identified in practice when applying the Federal Law "On contract system in the sphere of procurement of goods, works and services for provisioning governmental and municipal needs", which have not been regulated as of the present day. The abovementioned law came into effect in 01.01.2014, and up to the present date twenty-one amendments have been introduced, which is due to a variety of technical and legal gaps, and despite such number of amendments, many questions arise with regard to the application of these rules. Such situations arise as a consequence of the formation and establishment of a new procurement system, introduction of new elements into it. The problems of enforcement of the norms regulating the implementation of the definition of the supplier (executor, contractor) arise among the participants of the procurement, as well as among the customers, thus it is necessary to analyze the causes of these problems and to formulate the ways to solve them.

Now the prestige of working professions has considerably decreased in spite of the fact that there is really high need for skilled workers at the industrial enterprises of the territory. Due to the implementation of the projects connected with the territories of advancing social and economic development, "personnel hunger" can develop into "a personnel collapse". For the purpose of studying of the motives of choice by the youth of professions of the level of secondary professional education and their further employment in May, 2015 has conducted sociological research among the students of secondary professional institutions of Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-the Amur conducting training of the skilled workers for the industrial enterprises of the territory. Results of the research are presented in the article. Motives of the professional choice and ideas of the studying youth of the employment at the enterprises of the territory are revealed. Dynamics of subjective indicators in providing the industrial enterprises of the Khabarovsk territory with young workers and specialists is shown.

In this article the attempt to reveal the structure of activity of associations of the young Russian Germans, their opportunities for training and participation in the actions of organization, updating and to the development of their ethno-cultural identity is made. The idea of resource approach of K. Mankheym; self-realizable concept of culture of L.N. Kogan; theory of self-reference systems of N. Luman are initial. For studying of the features of activity of young associations of the Russian Germans the technique of Keys-stadi is chosen. Also the methods of included supervision, semi-formalized interview were used. External and internal factors of transformation of self-organization of the young Russian Germans are determined. Functions of self-organization of the young Russian Germans and the importance for reproduction of the groups with ethnic identity are revealed, the main activities are determined. Results can serve an additional judgment of cross-cultural dialogue of the youth and carrying out the balanced cultural policy in Russia and Germany.

Territories of the advancing social and economic development in the Far East of Russia: from idea to realization

Openness is considered from a position of communication properties of the person as the ability of people and social groups, associations and organizations to participate in diverse interactions, relying on them as on the most important necessary condition of the development. In social openness the main attention is paid to its public communication forms, including economic, technical, territorial, financial and the other organizational prerequisites of interaction of people here. In this article the events which are taking place in the Russian Far East, caused by the modern transformations of civilization and geopolitical character in the world and also which are carried out here by at the same time economic and administrative and legal, socio-political and the other organizational transformations are analyzed. Attention to the developing dependence of the future world order in this macro-region from the interacting factors from all Russia and the countries of the Pacific Rim is paid (further – PR).

Overcoming of the calls and threats to the national security in the Far East is possible carrying out the special strategy for formation in the macro-region of innovative economy. Evaluation of innovative capacity of the region and development of the concrete measures for its development demand the carrying out the analysis and synthesis with application of the techniques, yielding the reliable result. Researches on the basis of system approach allow determine the ways of concrete institutional transformations by creation of the self-replicating system of commercialization of scientific knowledge in the region. The method is applied when developing (by request of the Fund of sowing investments of the Russian venture company) Passports of the Regional innovative system (further – RIS) of the Far-Eastern federal district (further – FEFD) intended for the practical use of development by the institutes and public authorities in the development and carrying out innovative policy in the region. Evaluation of a condition of the RIS elements in a section of the subjects of the Federation of FEFD is carried out. Strong and weak sides of the regions are revealed, the probability of realization of a full innovative cycle in the regions of FEFD is estimated.