Vol. 17 No. 4 (2024)

Changes in the geopolitical conditions of the Russian Federation since 2013 have affected the country's foreign economic policy. The announced ‘turn to the East’ led to an increase in the volume of work of the FEFD (Far Eastern Federal District) transport complex, which acts as a natural bridge to the Asia-Pacifi region. The main factors behind the increase in demand were: reorientation of foreign trade cargo fl towards Asian countries with reduced interaction with the EU; building more complex logistics schemes for imports using third countries after the start of a special military operation; changes in the transport market due to the departure of major sea operators; changes in the terms of international marine insurance when working with Russia; restriction of international road and rail traffi in the western direction. The increasing role of transport in the eastern regions of the country, the defi of infrastructure capacity formed on the basis of the background of demand growth stimulates the attention of the state and leads to an increase in the scale of applied measures to regulate transport processes. The aim of the paper is to present approaches to assessing the impact of state regulation measures on the features of the transport complex of the Far Eastern Federal District in 2013-2023 and to carry out an experimental calculation. We assessed the impact of the regional component on the dynamics of key indicators of the FEFD transport complex using the method of structural shifts with decomposition. The regional component shows the comparative deviation of the FEFD transport complex dynamics from the national one, which is formed, among other things, under the infl of government regulation. The impact of the measures taken by the state on investment is shown (the dynamics of the indicator is 85% formed by the regional component, while the contribution of the national component was 37,3%, and the industry component had a negative impact of minus 22,7%). The positive impact of government measures on the dynamics of fi assets and employment in the period under consideration is presented. The obtained estimates confi the signifi of the impact of transport development efforts on the macro-regional complex and can be used for analytical substantiation of public policy measures.

The article presents results of the study aimed at testing a methodological approach to selecting facts for modeling population dynamics based on their ranking according to the degree of «statistical priority» in the economy. The main hypothesis was that if the rank of one factor exceeds the rank of another, then the first factor should be taken into account when modeling the resulting feature. The study took the Far Eastern subjects of the Russian Federation as an example, based on data for 2016-2022. The spatial heterogeneity and dynamics of the hierarchy of factors of the population of the Far East, their differences at different levels of decomposition of the object of study were quantitatively identified. The obtained results showed that the fact ranking could act as a criterion for selecting the latter in a linear additive regression model of the corresponding indicator.

The article presents the parameters for foreign direct investment (FDI) attracting into the economy of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) in 2019-2021. The article qualitatively assesses the established trends in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) to the economy of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) in the 2010s and at the turn of 2019-2021 based on the analysis of the dynamics of FDI infl by territory, industry and country (including NEA countries) according to the Bank of Russia. It is found that signifi industry asymmetry in FDI attracting remained in the FEFD until the period 2022-2024; the overwhelming majority (about 90%) of accumulated FDI was concentrated in the extraction of fuel and energy minerals together with geological exploration. At the same time, the geographic structure of FDI attracted to the FEFD remained the same, as well as their territorial distribution among the subjects of the FEFD did not change signifi In addition, it is determined that in the context of the new geopolitical reality, sanctions pressure and direct prohibitions from unfriendly countries, the withdrawal of companies from large and medium-sized projects implemented in the Far East, there is a high degree of probability for forming negative trends both in the current infl of FDI into the economy of the region, especially from unfriendly countries (including Japan and the Republic of Korea), and a decrease in the total balances of FDI in general for the Far Eastern Federal District and its subjects. It is revealed that the current fi and economic activities of enterprises with foreign participation in 2022-2023 continued and did not change signifi contributed to the economic development of the region and its subjects. Despite the existing geopolitical risks and economic uncertainty in 2022-2024, in general, positive dynamics of capital investments in projects implemented by foreign investors (especially Chinese investors) in territories with special regimes have been maintained, which, unfortunately, have not yet led to a serious change in the interaction of FDI and the regional macro- and microeconomy.

The article examines the role of the administrative burden of public administration on the investment climate in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Particular attention has been paid to the analysis of the results of the National Rating of the Investment Climate in the framework of its two main stages: the positions of the Far Eastern regions in the rating have been assessed for the period of 2015-2020 and 2021-2024, the regions that fulfi the task of entering the top 30 of the National Rating have been identifi the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), the Amur Region, the Kamchatka Territory and the Sakhalin Region. As of 2024, the top positions in the district are occupied by the Sakhalin Region and the Magadan Territory, at the end of the rating - the Chukotka Autonomous Area and Jewish Autonomous Region. The subject analysis of the factor «administrative burden on business» of the National Rating of the Investment Climate in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation has been carried out. The article identifi the main problems of administrative pressure by state authorities on the development of the investment climate in the regions and defi the directions for the formation of calculation tools for assessing the activities of territorial control and supervisory bodies to ensure assistance in improving the investment climate in the regions of the Far East. The results of the study can be useful for state and municipal authorities that ensure the socio-economic development of the regions.

The study of transformation processes in the national and global economy and the scientifi forecasting of the methods used to organize a new economic system constitutes a signifi part of modern research practice. Its special segment is the formation of substantiated ideas about the forms, methods and mechanisms of interaction between agents of the economic system, the transmission of shock and positive impulses in it that affect the change in the characteristics of activity. One of the complex objects for the study of systematic transformations and creating forecast tracks are processes that do not have an obvious cause-and-effect nature. In particular, this is the implementation of the institutional transition from macroeconomic goal-setting to the forms of its spatial implementation. At the same time, there is a need to take into account a large number of sector-specifi fi infrastructural and technological risks that create restrictions in the transformational development. This leads to the need to form an institutional architecture corresponding to the integral risk profi The paper examines the hypothesis of the existence of a special type of institutional structures that coordinate risk profi characteristic of real economic structures and those being formed for the future.

The article examines the main resource and production characteristics of the forest system of the Khabarovsk Territory, analyzes the dynamics of the logging and timber processing industries during the pandemic crisis and geopolitical changes of recent years. It also considers some approaches to measuring the effi of forest resource usage. Based on the approaches, the paper selected indicators characterizing the effi usage of forest resources, adapted them for the regional forest system, and performed an analysis of both the productivity of the forest system and its industries. The study reveals that the forest system of the Khabarovsk Territory is characterized by fairly effi usage of forest resources in the period of 2018-2022. A comparison of productivity by logging and timber processing industries showed that in the latter one it was higher for almost the entire period in question, while changes in constituting conditions infl the decline in logging productivity.

Considering the development of the forest industry complex of Russia at the present stage, it is necessary to focus on the internal reserves of the corporations included in it. Investment projects aimed at increasing the share of processing of harvested wood are carried out mainly at the expense of own and borrowed funds of enterprises, the formation of which is possible provided that the profi of production and sales is maintained. The features of the technological process of forest resources processing are, on the one hand, a suffi forest raw material base, and on the other hand, the availability of appropriate capacities for logging. The main purpose of preparing the article is to study the change in the fi potential of large corporations of the forest industry complex operating in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories included in the Russian ratings. The features of the development of enterprises of the forest industry complex are considered through an assessment of their investment potential and the associated fi potential. Attention is drawn to the need to develop the production capabilities of enterprises through the implementation of investment projects for the integrated processing of wood, as a condition for providing support of government authorities to them. The methodology of quantitative assessment of fi potential of enterprises of forest industry complex using provisions of comprehensive economic analysis is applied. It is revealed that values of indicators characterizing fi potential of enterprises depend on results of export activity on Chinese and Japanese markets, which has signifi impact on instability of their fi condition parameters. In order to increase fi potential of enterprises implementing investment projects on complex processing of wood it is advisable to develop a state program aimed not only at support of acquisition of processing equipment, but also at ensuring sales of corresponding products.

Changes in the foreign economic situation and structural shifts in the Russian economy determine the need to form a new vector of investment development in the subjects of the Russian Federation, aimed at increasing investment activity. Investment activity determines the pace and sustainability of the socio-economic development of the region and acts as an important factor in the economic security of the territory. The article systematizes the main approaches to understanding the category of «investment activity in the region» and suggests the authors’ defi of this category in the context of economic security. The main factors determining the level of economic security in the investment sector were identifi within the framework of this study and their relationship in the logical chain was determined as follows: «investment activity → investment distribution→ investment effi The authors note that insuffi infl of investments into the region's economy entails many negative economic and social consequences (high wear and tear of equipment; unprofi of enterprises; low production effi and innovative activity, unemployment and others), which in the long term reduce the production and labor potential of the region. A system of indicators is proposed in order to identify problem areas existing in the fi of attracting investments, containing volumetric indicators (investment rate, accumulation rate, fi capital investments per capita), as well as indicators reflthe growth rate of investments. The proposed system of indicators also includes relative indicators, which increases the objectivity of the assessment, so it can be the main one to use for monitoring the level of investment activity in the regions. The authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation can also use it to assess the results of the implemented investment policy

This article analyzes the specifi of the implementation of projects and programs for the development of agriculture in the framework of sustainable development of the Novosibirsk region. The relevance of this study is due to the need to improve the effi of the agricultural sector, which plays a signifi role in the economy of the region. The article analyzes existing programs and identifi problems that hinder the achievement of goals, as well as suggests ways to solve them. The main focus is on project management, the current state of rural areas, food security and the rational use of natural resources. The trends and priorities of the agricultural sector development are highlighted, as well as the effectiveness of program measures is evaluated. The purpose of the work is an in-depth analysis of the practice of project implementation and the development of recommendations for improving management and control in this area. The article highlights the insuffi scientifi knowledge of the topic, which makes the study a signifi contribution to the agro-industrial research of the region. The concept of sustainable development is considered as a systematic approach to improving the quality of life and economic development without compromising the environment. Attention is focused on the use of renewable resources and the protection of biodiversity. The article also examines the importance of projects and programs as strategic planning tools in agriculture, emphasizing their role in solving social and economic problems at the level of local communities. As a result, the material presents a comprehensive analysis of the principles of sustainable development and their application in an agricultural context, confi the need to introduce sustainable methods into agriculture to improve productivity, develop infrastructure and create favorable living conditions in rural areas. The authors focus on the strategic importance of socio-economic development of rural areas both for the region and for the country as a whole. The problems existing despite such achievements, as the growth of agricultural production and modernization of infrastructure are described.

The study is based on the hypothesis that the implementation of artifi intelligence into the real sector of economy is inevitable. The authors consider the regulatory framework of artifi intelligence as well as its historical aspects. The basic trajectories of the artifi intelligence implementation on the example of the food industry (modeling and optimizing food technologies, identifi assessing the quality and safety of food products) are indicated. It was noted that the prerequisite for implementation of artifi intelligence technologies in the food industry is a clearly outlined transition from mass nutrition to personalized, associated with the production of mainly combined products of complex ingredient and chemical composition. Applying of artifi intelligence technologies can signifi optimize the resource of time, increase the effi and accuracy of purchases, help reduce the cost of purchasing products, eliminate biases in decision-making, and provide the most personalized recommendations for buying goods. The study results include the analysis of Russian and foreign scientists researches in the fi of artifi intelligence and its application in the food industry. The research methodology is based on such theoretical methods as comparison, analysis, systematization, deduction, abstraction, and generalization. The article also reveals legal and conceptual aspects of artifi intelligence application, its advantages and possibilities, considers promising areas for further penetration of artifi intelligence in the food industry.

The article considers the additional education of children as part of the educational environment of the Khabarovsk Territory. The paper analyzes role of infl subjects (government bodies, teachers, parents, etc.) in the personal and career-oriented development of the younger generation, refl in the ideas of schoolchildren of 8-11 grades. The study is actual due to the need for a deeper understanding of the infl of socio-cultural factors on the choice and effectiveness of additional educational programs, as well as their role in the socialization and personal development of children. The study is based on the analysis of data of representative sociological surveys of parents and schoolchildren of the Khabarovsk Territory. The structure of additional education of schoolchildren is analyzed both within the framework of school extra-school education. The results of the analysis indicate that there is a correlation between the effectiveness of how the additional education is arranged and its functioning and motivation to attend clubs. The research has revealed the interrelation between the positive attitude of schoolchildren to studying in secondary schools, attending classes within the framework of additional education and motivation to continue education in educational institutions of special and higher education. It has also revealed the positive impact of additional education on students' determination of their future professional trend. This study analyzes how additional education programs contribute not only to the development of competencies and skills in children, but also to the formation of their intentions to stay in their native region. At the same time, the survey results demonstrate differences in the motivation of schoolchildren attending additional education classes at school and outside of school to continue their education in the system of special or higher education, as well as in relation to the region of study (to continue their education at an educational institution in the Khabarovsk Territory or the central regions of Russia, Moscow or St. Petersburg).

The article presents the concept of the formation of health-preserving spots in suburban areas as new forms of recreational environment for health-preservation, communication and leisure, providing the example of a project in the city of Khabarovsk. The project aims to create a unique recreational area in a sharply continental climate and a city of an average population. The project expands the health-preserving opportunities of the urban population to restore health and relax all year round. The purpose of the study is to identify the needs and analyze the possibilities of using the available recreational spots of suburban areas of the city to create particular zones for recreation, sports and leisure. The theoretical foundation of the research is the works by K. Lorenz, E. Toffler and others. [Lorenz, 1998; Toffler, 2002]. The authors hypothesize the relationship of health-preserving opportunities with the formation of special comfortable spots. The paper uses sociological studies about health preserving traditions of city population conducted by a group of researchers of the N. A. Semashko Research Institute and our own research (two focus groups among residents of the city of Khabarovsk). The results of the interview showed that residents of Khabarovsk consider the idea of creating well-maintained special zones in the suburbs, where it is possible to spend free time with health benefits, attractive. The interdisciplinary approach allows us to view the issue from the city-sociological and architectural angles. The article discusses the need to develop a concept for the use of health-preserving spots and the creation of special conditions to address the issue. The authors propose specific organizational ways to build health-preserving spots in suburban areas.

Research activity in an educational institution is an important element of qualifi specialists training and their popularity in the labor market. Teaching staff and students’ motivation to research determines the condition and ways to develop the activity, research results and experiments. The paper presents the results focus groups interviews provide by teachers and students of the educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on their motives for conducting research work. The study showed that motivation for research, on the one hand, is infl by all-Russian trends of development of education and science. In this context, it was found that scientometric indicators of conducting research activities do not add motivation to its conduct either for the teaching staff or for students. On the other hand, the aspirations for the scientifi path are infl by the combination of educational and departmental principles in conducting research activities. Thus, the study revealed that teachers have signifi motivational potential for conducting research, but they defi themselves, fi of all, as teachers, not scientists. In this regard, it is not a coincidence that the teaching staff primarily associates their motivation for the scientifi fi with the need to improve pedagogical practices in the educational institution. At the same time, representatives of both categories of respondents believe it is necessary to fia balance between the above principles when conducting research work. The results of the study may be useful in adjusting approaches to increasing motivation for research work by teaching staff and students of educational institutions of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs in order to properly provide scientifi support for the activities of the law enforcement bodies of the Russian Federation in the context of new challenges arisen in recent years.

The purpose of this article is to develop a system of program and project assessment of the effectiveness of local government activities in the integrated development of the territory. To achieve this goal, the tasks of determining the elements of the assessment mechanism, forming program and project activities and assessment areas and the logic of constructing the assessment mechanism, as well as developing methodology for program and project assessment of the effectiveness of local government activities in the integrated development of the territory are defi This article is based on the methods of functional analysis, comparison, classifi of indicators and assessment areas, forecasting the algorithm and assessment model. The author of the article considers the methods and techniques of the program and project assessment based on the activities implemented by local governments under national projects, state programs of the Russian Federation, state programs of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and municipal programs aimed at the integrated development of a municipality. Integrated development of the territory in the context of this article is considered within the framework of the concept of balance, i.e. proportionality of the implemented program and project activities, sustainability - dynamic development and effectiveness in achieving the set goals. Accordingly, the source of development of the territory is the funds of the municipal, regional and federal budget. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the need to introduce the proposed system of program-project assessment of the effectiveness of local government bodies' activities in the integrated development of the territory into the activities of local government bodies. According to this system, it is possible to assess both the overall effectiveness of all activities of local government bodies in the integrated development of the territory, and the totality of individual areas of its development (social, economic, infrastructural, cultural, environmental, etc.).

The article examines the issues of preserving and strengthening spiritual and moral values as a subject of state policy and public consciousness of the population, especially among young people. At the present time questions are being raised at all levels of government, considering the state policy of spiritual and moral education for the preservation of Russian identity. The results of sociological research based on a review of scientifi publications devoted to the development of the system of spiritual and moral values, as well as an analysis of social and legal regulation have shown that it is necessary to constantly analyze and improve approaches and tools for the formation of such spiritual and moral values as determination, faith in goodness, strong family, creative work, courage, devotion to one's country, unity of people, and continuity of national history, especially among the younger generation. The analysis of legal support in this area of relations has led to the idea that we need to expand the limits of legal regulation in terms of preserving and strengthening spiritual and moral values in the process of education and upbringing of young people in the Russian Federation. The authors of the article conclude that it is necessary to establish a legal basis for spiritual and moral education in the form of regulatory legal acts that will correspond to the goals of developing a comprehensive education system. The entire structure of the education and upbringing system should be focused on upholding traditional Russian spiritual, moral, cultural and historical values.

The article presents the theoretical and empirical analysis of the demographic potential of young families in the Khabarovsk Territory as a quantitative and qualitative measure in measuring their objective and subjective characteristics. The review of the available academic publications on the topic of young families showed that researchers mainly focus on the problems and efforts of the state to provide social support by means of material resources. At the same time, the reproductive and educational function, marriage and divorce and other family relations’ issues in young families remain the domain of only a narrow circle of researchers. In methodological terms, the possibilities of institutional and group sociological analysis of the demographic potential of a young family are shown taking into account classical and modern scientifi approaches to its cognition. The results of the sociological research using the methods of a mass survey of young families, an expert survey, focused interviews and statistics are presented, allowing us to understand the nature of family identifi by a young family, the attitude of young people to marriage and divorce, reproductive attitudes and behavior, and migration plans. The main conclusions and results of the sociological study can be used to improve state and municipal programs for the demographic development of the Khabarovsk Territory.

The article presents the analysis of the results of the sociological study of young families in the Khabarovsk Territory from the point of view of their values and ideological attitudes. It was important for us to understand what family values and value orientations dominate in the minds and behavior of modern young families. To what extent are the family and the birth of children valued by young families? What terminal and instrumental values are young families guided by in their everyday life? What problems do young families face and how do they overcome them? The analysis of these issues allowed us to identify the specifics of the attitude of young families to them. In modern conditions, we can see the transformation of family values associated with both modern civilizational trends (sociocultural ideas, priority of material values, egocentrism in the attitudes of young people) as well as with the imbalance of continuity of family relations in intergenerational development (young families are less likely to be like their parents' families). Despite the above-mentioned trends, such values as family and happy family life are significant for the vast majority of young people. The preferences of young families are focused on having children, love and comfortable family relationships that are of great importance to them. However, young families associate the birth of children, especially the second and subsequent ones, with the solution of two main problems: financial and housing. At the same time, young people justify the postponement of the birth of their first child by the desire to live for themselves, develop in the profession, and build a career. The identified potential for conflict in young families, associated largely with domestic and financial problems, disagreements about raising children and lack of mutual understanding between spouses, actualizes the need to develop advisory assistance and support, including psychological one.

The article examines issues of social support as a special form of social interaction between the state and young families using the example of Khabarovsk Territory. Based on the results of mass and expert sociological surveys of young families, an analysis of the current situation in the fi of state social support was carried out, and a fairly high level of their need for various types of social support was revealed. The assessments of young families expressed a high demand for state support measures aimed at solving the housing issue in the form of various benefi allowances, and fi assistance. In addition, the need for information and advisory support for young families was confi which determines the relatively low level of participation of young families in existing state support programs. At the same time, a relatively low demand for individual state programs by young families was revealed. At the same time, experts note the high effi of the current programs «Maternal Capital» and «Regional Maternal Capital», aimed, among other things, at solving the most pressing housing problem for young families. The results of the study indicate the need to optimize the system of state social support for young families in the Khabarovsk Territory.

The article examines a number of historical aspects related to the activities of the Khabarovsk Higher Party School. Based on the decision of the Statutory Commission of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) dated June 10, 1944 a one-year party school was created based on the regional party courses to train and retrain party and soviet activists. In 1956 the educational institution was transformed into the Khabarovsk Interregional Party School with a four-year study period, providing higher party-political education, and in 1958 it was renamed the Khabarovsk Higher Party School. Here, new areas of training for students were defi laboratories were created, and teaching and methodological work was largely improved. The interaction between the administration, party and labor union committees had special signifi in the School. Graduates of the Khabarovsk Higher Party School successfully worked in district and state structures, as well as teachers at the universities. From November 1990, the educational institution entered a diffi period of organizational transformations.