Vol. 18 No. 4 (2025)

The paper examines current global and regional (for Northeast Asian countries) trends in foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2015-2024. The identifi fragmentation processes in world economy are fundamentally changing the FDI landscape in Northeast Asia. The region is no longer a monolithic «world factory» of a global economy. Today the region represents a complex mosaic of interconnected but fragmented capital fl in the form of FDI, where investment decisions are based on market assessments, taking into account geopolitical risks, national security considerations, and sustainability desire (or uncertainty minimization). China’s economy is adapting to these processes, Japan and the Republic of Korea are diversifying FDI fl The Southeast Asian region as a whole is benefi from this investment redistribution.

The article examines characteristics of export and foreign economic activity stimulation within the Asian model of government support formed by three leading export-oriented economies of Northeast Asia - Japan, Republic of Korea and China (NEA-3). The paper formulates specifi strategies of fi institutions in the NEA-3 countries basing on the analysis of systems, strategies, and programs of public fi institutions of each country. Among the analyzed factors are export credit and insurance agencies (ECAs), which are the central element of the current system of state fi support for foreign economic activity, as well as the dynamics and structure of global export fi fl in the period of 2015- 2023. In particular, the Japanese system of government support is based primarily on investment fi The South Korean system, without considering medium- and long-term fi as the basis for expanding state support, uses a balanced combination of investment and untied fi China's government stimulus system, focused on implementing China's Belt and Road Initiative, balances medium- and long-term fi with investment fi (excluding untied programs); its widely used untied preferential programs, which are signifi larger than all other instruments, are positioned as offi development assistance aimed at stimulating foreign economic cooperation with partner countries. The paper concludes that the NEA-3 countries have demonstrated diverse approaches to expanding and strengthening the position of their national economies' foreign economic sectors in foreign markets accompanied by active government support.

The article considers a set of methodological and expert proposals used in the regulatory practice of the Russian Far East development within various theoretical and practical frameworks. During the post-socialist period these were combined variations focused on the tools of diffusion and central place models, as well as gravitational and technological models. However, despite a large number of developed theoretical ideas, transferring their interpretations into regional policy did not lead to a signifi activation of the substantial shifts in the economy predicted for each model. The article analyzes the institutional reasons for the low sensitivity of the Far Eastern region's economy to the planned positive transformations. The possibility of using a modifi approach to the traditional combinatorial model in Russian spatial science is considered. The author formulates the potential direction of strengthening specialized institutional formats as a mechanism for improving project effi and reducing regulatory risks.

This article presents the analysis of current fertility trends in the Russian Far East, focusing on its constituent entities in the context of government policies aimed at stimulating birth rates and supporting families with children. It highlights a transformation in the age structure of women of childbearing age, characterized by a decline in the 25- to 34-year-old cohort, while the number of women over 40 years old is growing. The current stage of demographic development in Russia as a whole, and in the Far Eastern macroregion in particular, is characterized by a decline in the total fertility rate for second children, while the birth rate for third- and subsequent children is increasing. The Far East and its constituent entities maintain higher fertility rates compared to the Russian average, although these differences are gradually narrowing. The Republics of Buryatia and Sakha (Yakutia), Sakhalin Oblast, and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug demonstrate traditionally high fertility rates, which is due not only to the preservation of national traditions of having many children, but also to a range of measures aimed at stimulating the birth rate and supporting families with children.

The article solves the problem of quantitative analysis of the reactions of regional dynamics to changes in external demand, including shock ones. Two sectors are distinguished in the economy of the region within the framework of the export base theory: specialized activities determine the base sector, whose products make up regional exports; the total of other industries is considered as a non-base sector - servicing industries, whose products are the subject of outgoing foreign trade transactions, and local demand. The identifi of the base sector is carried out traditionally, using a simple localization coeffi Estimates of the multiplicative effects for the gross regional product and economic employment generated by the branches of the basic sector were obtained for the model region, the Far Eastern constituent entity of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk Territory. The research tool is the intersectoral balance model, the data for which are obtained by regionalizing the indicators of the national input-output tables using the method of Flegg localization coeffi (FLQ+) modifi by the authors. The quantitative identifi of the estimated multiplicative effects structure in the sector projection was carried out, which made it possible to identify the directions and magnitude of the impulses generated by external demand. The premise of limited labor resources has determined the trajectories of diversifi of the basic sector of the region. The criteria for the inclusion of industries in the sector were: proximity of the values of localization coeffi to a single threshold, comparative superiority of the values of the multipliers of gross value added, comparative «lag» of the values of employment multipliers. It is shown that, in the conditions of the Khabarovsk Territory, the prospects for expanding the basic sector are associated with the inclusion of mining in its composition. The obtained research results can serve as a platform for the formation of regional policy measures aimed at ensuring sustainable economic growth in the region.

The paper examines manifestations of tort risk in the insurance fi Performing their functions insurance companies should consider such factors as the declining number of national insurers, limited foreign investors, and current government policies aimed at decriminalizing economic relations, eliminating unscrupulous (criminal) elements from the insurance system. The research aims at developing a model of goal-setting and decision-making in managing tort risk in the insurance fi The article emphasizes the critical importance of risk management in minimizing the impact of tort risk, as well as the potential for negative synergies from its cumulative effect with other risks inherent in insurance activities. The paper offers a block approach to insurance companies to assist them in their risk management. By starting the processes simultaneously the approach will, on the one hand, coordinate the insurance company’s operation with the risk management concepts, and on the other hand, it will identify “problem areas” potentially having negative consequences due to torts.

In the era of digital transformation, the Russian fitness industry is displaying duality. Actively implementing digital trends for clients, gyms face systemic barriers to digitalization of their internal business processes. This article aims to identify the key obstacles for digital transformation. The research is based on a summary of potential barriers to digitalization of business processes in the Russian fitness industry as well as on and the results of a survey of gyms’ managers and owners. Barriers to the digitalization of business processes in fitness industry organizations are divided into four groups: financial, technological, organizational and personnel, and client-related. The survey of gyms’ managers and owners reveals that financial risks are the main constraint to the digitalization of this business, and the key challenge lies not in the lack of technology, but in the difficulty of economically integration it into a low-margin business. Furthermore, the authors offer a number of practical recommendations for gradually overcoming barriers to the digitalization of business processes in the Russian fitness industry. These include - implementation of a subscription-based payment system (recurring payments), focus on the integration of solutions, and change management. The strategic goal of digital transformation of fitness industry is to build a holistic, customer-centric digital ecosystem, whereby technology enhances, rather than replaces, personal interactions between gyms and clients. These findings may be of interest to gyms’ owners in Russia and in the Russian Far East, particularly to those having any interest in expanding of business digitalization practices.

The article is devoted to the analysis of two key federal laws regulating the organization and functioning of local self-government in modern Russia: Federal Law No. 131-FZ of October 6, 2023, “On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” (131-FZ) and Federal Law No. 33-FZ of March 20, 2025, “On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self- Government in a Unifi System of Public Authority” (33-FZ). Both documents play a central role in ensuring democratic foundations for governance at the municipal level and protecting the interests of the population. A brief historical overview illustrates the evolution of local government institutions in Russia and identifi the signifiof Federal Laws 131-FZ and 33-FZ in the development of local government today. A comparative analysis of Federal Laws 131-FZ and 33-FZ is provided in terms of the principles of local government organization, types of municipal entities, the powers of local government bodies, and the main provisions of the laws. It is concluded that Federal Laws 131-FZ and 33-FZ demonstrate the progressive development of the Russian legal system, focused on meeting the needs of the population and building fair and reliable social relations. The innovations of 33-FZ are aimed at strengthening state integrity, ensuring the equitable distribution of resources, and creating favorable conditions for sustainable socioeconomic growth in every territory of Russia.

The article presents the results of a survey of more than 1.5 thousand entrepreneurs from 11 subjects of the Russian Federation in the Far Eastern Federal District conducted in the fourth quarter of 2025. The respondents were mainly individual entrepreneurs (58,4%) those related to microbusiness (56,8%), 80% of the survey participants are business owners and most of them have been engaged in entrepreneurial activity for more than 10 years (39,7%). The survey allowed us to conclude that despite the fact that control activities are not the main factor in reducing investment, we can still state the importance of control measures for business investment behavior. Thus, during the considered period, more than 44% of the respondents were subject to inspections by regulatory authorities, mainly tax authorities. More than a third of entrepreneurs stated that there were fi consequences in the form of fi and indirect costs due to inspections. The survey also showed that a third of entrepreneurs in the Far East can be a source of additional investment growth if deregulation measures are implemented to reduce the number of inspections. The obtained results necessitate further improvement of deregulation mechanisms, including limiting the duration and number of control measures towards an entrepreneur during the year, expanding the practice of replacing fi with warnings, preventing the suspension of business activities during inspections, identifying points of administrative tensions and management impact on dealing with them.

The article presents the results of a sociological study conducted in April 2025 in the Khabarovsk Territory on the topic «Public assessment of the effectiveness of the executive bodies of the Khabarovsk Territory» aimed to study and analyze the attitudes and sentiment of the region's residents as well as evaluating the activities of government bodies at various levels. The research focused on examining residents' attitudes toward national projects by determining the level of awareness of these projects and the degree of satisfaction with their implementation in the Khabarovsk Territory. A comparative analysis of evaluations was conducted based on the respondents' place of residence. The article presents a brief descriptive analysis of the level of awareness about national projects being implemented in the region, along with the assessment of their effectiveness according to the respondents. The analysis of the empirical research results identifi key problem areas, indicating a lack of systematic informational work regarding the effectiveness of national project implementation in the region. The study results indicate that residents of the region have little interest in and are insuffi informed about the tools, progress, and outcomes of the projects, which may contribute to the migration sentiments of residents seeking self-realization in other regions of the country. The study identifi the main channels for obtaining information about projects implementation, allowing for more precise adjustments to the informational support of projects in the region.

The article presents the description of the problems of the development of ethnotourism on the example of the Khabarovsk Territory, which occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of the number of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East. Based on the conducted sociological research in the form of in-depth interviews with representatives of the indigenous peoples of the Amur Region, the business community and regional government bodies, the description of the problems and prospects for the sustainable development of ethnotourism in the region is presented. The role of gastronomic tourism as an element of ethnotourism is shown. It is noted that the ethnocultural resource is a significant pole of regional development. According to the respondents, measures are required for advanced infrastructure saturation of key logistics sites and placement points, institutional measures that support and protect bona fide participants in the ethno- tourism market, and a single digital promotion strategy. Respondents believe that only with the simultaneous solution of these problems, ethnotourism is transformed into a self- developing ecosystem that can increase the contribution of tourism to the regional economy and consolidate the ethnocultural product as a competitive advantage of the Khabarovsk Territory.

The article analyzes the dynamics of acculturation strategies of ethnic migrants in the Khabarovsk Krai within the medium term. The study is relevant due to the key role of migration potential for the demographic and economic development of the Russian Far Eastern region, the effective realization of which directly depends on the successful integration of new residents. The theoretical basis of the research is John W. Berry's model of acculturation supplemented by instrumental rationality and transit nature of migration fl within the Russian Far East context. Two sociological studies made by in 2019 and 2025 among members of ethnic communities belonging to the Assembly of Peoples of the Khabarovsk Krai provided empirical material for the research. A comparative analysis of the data revealed positive, but structurally heterogeneous dynamics. The research shows that attitudes towards long-term residence in the region have strengthened, language competence has signifi increased (profi in the Russian language increased), and readiness for social interaction with the host community has improved. At the same time, there has appeared the stability of the core identity manifested in the rejection of profound personal changes (interethnic marriages, change of religion). Basing on a scoring assessment the research shows that while the overall integral indicator of adaptability remains unchanged, its structure has changed towards greater openness while preserving basic cultural values. The paper concludes about the formation of a selective acculturation model in the region, which is of instrumental and pragmatic nature. The results are important for adjusting regional migration and integration policies.

The paper is devoted to the problem of increasing of the historical memory of youth level having practical signifi The relevance of the study is caused by the need to develop quantitative methods for the historical memory of youth formation. The main obstacle to the development of such methods is the need for an interdisciplinary approach. In recent years, the methodology of cognitive modeling has become widespread for the analysis of poorly structured systems, such as the system of the historical memory of youth formation. The auther proposes a numerical cognitive model for the historical memory of youth formation. Two types of sub-processes have been identifi that affect the formation of the historical memory of youth: basic sub-processes and sub-processes of development. The model is based on quantitative estimates of the level of historical memory and the channels of infl of basic sub-processes on sub-processes of development of the historical memory of youth. Quantitative estimates of the model parameters are calculated on the basis of surveys of the youth audience. To better describe the forms of historical memory, various types of questions are included in the survey, about half of such questions are open-ended. For matching different types of data, it is necessary to develop special methods of data transformation. Basing on comparable indicators of the historical memory of youth, an integral criterion of the historical memory of youth formation has been determined, which is used to assess the current state of historical memory and to predict changes in the level of historical memory as a result of the implementation of innovative projects. Forecasting changes in the level of historical memory is based on expert assessments of changes in the structure of basic sub-processes. The cognitive model allows to justify the choice of innovative projects that ensure a targeted increase in the level of historical memory of youth.