Байков Н. М

The article presents the main methodological approaches and results of empirical sociological studies of one of the significant phenomena of social consciousness, the prestige of professions. Based on the methodology of its stratification measurement, the subjective ideas of the 8th-11th grade students in the Khabarovsk Territory are analyzed according to their motives for choosing a prestigious profession, the role of parents, teachers and other representatives of vocational guidance, as well as the prestige of secondary and higher education organizations in the region, their correlation with indicators of the labor market and specialties (professions) of graduates of educational organizations of different levels. The ideas of school students about the prestige of professions and the relationship with the process of educational migration of graduates from the territory of the region to the central regions of the country are indicated, which increase the shortage of specialists and skilled workers and reduce the professional and intellectual potential of the regional labor market. Scientific and practical recommendations are proposed for conceptualizing of the process of professional orientation towards students' conscious choice of specialties (professions) and the formation of their images and meanings, reflecting not only their personal, but also social needs for the development of their territories of residence. The basis for the implementation of the proposed approaches can be a sociological analysis of socio-professional stratification and the needs of the regional labor market in specialties (professions) that ensure the prestige of professional activity in the Khabarovsk Territory.

The article presents theoretical overview of scientific approaches to the study of «social ideas» as a fundamental construct of sociology and related sciences and the results of their sociological measurement among the schoolchildren of the Khabarovsk territory. Genesis of the concept «social representations» (social representations), which has its origins in scientific views and conceptual justifications from the classics of social sciences (sociology, social psychology, etc.) to modern domestic and foreign researchers, reflects both its high significance and the complexity of interpretation and empirical measurement. The methodological analysis of the main scientific approaches to the study of this construct gives reason for the authors to widely use them as the basis for the sociological measurement of social ideas of students in general education schools.The empirical results of sociological surveys obtained by the authors indicate that the school education system forms collective social ideas of students as stable education of ideas, views, values and knowledge, having the central cores of representation, based on quantitative and qualitative indicators. Their sociological measurement testifies to the content and objectification of social ideas regarding study, educational and professional plans, migration moods. The authors consider it expedient to use the presented results of sociological measurement of social ideas of schoolchildren to develop measures to improve state educational policy, primarily in the formation of a value-motivation attitude (meanings and images) to study, the choice of profession, place of work in the regional labor market and other life plans.

The article presents an analysis of relations between the state, society and business through the prism of reflecting them in the Message of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin in 2021. The author's expert opinion, based on the results of sociological studies at the all-Russian and regional levels, showed that social support measures for the most vulnerable segments of population, much needed in the conditions of coronavirus pandemic, are widely approved in the society, but at the same time can contribute to the preservation of paternalistic and dependent attitudes of a number of Russians. Sociological analysis of measures of state support for small and medium-sized businesses, reflected in the Message of the President of the Russian Federation and its instructions to the authorities, showed that in the conditions of the ongoing wave nature of coronavirus pandemic, the tasks of preserving and supporting business during the crisis period took priority..

The article analyzes professional socialization as a process of inclusion in the medical activities, from the selection and development by students of the basic educational programs at the university to the entry of medical workers into the socio-professional structure of the society. Based on the data of the State statistics bodies and the results of sociological surveys of doctors and the population, objective and subjective factors are analyzed that cause structural and functional changes in the health system, their impact on the professional socialization of medical workers in the Far-Eastern federal district in general and the Khabarovsk territory, in particular. The problems were identified in the system of professional training of medical personnel, which caused an acute shortage of medical specialists and, as a result, a high level of dissatisfaction with the quality and accessibility of medical care.

The article uses a theoretical and empirical analysis of the state and per-the prospect of entrepreneurship from the perspective of methodological approaches, developed by representatives of the German sociology, to study the genesis of the western European capitalism. Their topicality is proved by the current state of domestic entrepreneurship, taking into account the current situation of the coronavirus pandemic and the economic crisis. The essential characteristic of the “entrepreneurial spirit» is the desire of economic entity (entrepreneur) to become the effective organization of their «own business» and thirst for «profit» at the all costs. Because of the leading but controversial role of the state and its main institutions, entrepreneurship gets both: support and inhibition in the social and economic development. The confirmation of this is seen in the results of federal and regional sociological surveys for entrepreneurs about the conditions for conducting their business and attitude of the population towards it.

В статье рассматривается отношение населения Хабаровского края к двигательной активности в виде занятий физической культурой и спортом как к условию формирования здорового образа жизни. На основе результатов социологических исследований проанализированы показатели удовлетворенности населения условиями, созданными субъектами управления для занятий физической культурой и спортом взрослых людей, детей и подростков. Выявлены особенности отношения возрастных групп молодежи к физкультурно-спортивным занятиям как активной форме досуга и здорового образа жизни. Рассмотрены национальные приоритеты государственной политики в создании условий для групп населения, систематически занимающихся физической культурой и спортом, как императив в деятельности региональных и муниципальных органов управления. Установлено, что достижение целевых показателей субъектов управления по созданию условий развития физической культуры и спорта обусловлено и объективными, и субъективными факторами, их противоречивым влиянием на ожидаемые результаты. Основные выводы по результатам исследования содержат научно-практические рекомендации по обеспечению доступности физкультурно-спортивных услуг как условия форсирования стремления к здоровому образу жизни населения региона. ; Ключевые слова: физическая культура и спорт; социологические исследования, государственная политика, национальные приоритеты, Хабаровский край.

The article discusses the theoretical and methodological aspects of the phenomenon of “self-determination” in relation to social and vocational training of students of educational organizations of the system of secondary vocational education on the example of the Khabarovsk region. The article justifies the interrelation of social and professional choice as a process and result of actions caused by situations of uncertainty and risks at the interface of education and the labor market. Problem areas in the social and professional self-determination of students and the recommendation for their resolution are identified and proposed based on the results of sociological research and pedagogical communities, as well as colleges.

В статье представлены теоретические аспекты и социологический анализ феномена «доверие» как основы формирования, функционирования и развития гражданского общества. Результаты общероссийских и региональных социологических исследований на примере Хабаровского края отражают динамику изменений институционального и межличностного доверия между основными субъектами гражданского общества: населением, властью и бизнесом. Доверие граждан к основным социальным институтам государства и общества контрастирует с низким уровнем доверия населения к бизнесу и предпринимателей к структурам власти. На межличностном уровне взаимодействия низкий уровень доверия обусловлен как субъективными представлениями, так и объективными факторами и условиями жизнедеятельности людей, а также состоянием правового сознания и поведения граждан. ; Ключевые слова: гражданское общество, институциональное доверие, межличностное доверие, социальное взаимодействие, социологические исследования, бизнес, власть, население, общественные организации, Хабаровский край.

The article presents sociological and culturological analysis of the extremist symbolism spread by the Slavonic neopaganism, whose representatives use swastika symbols in their editions and on Internet sites. It is shown that the pseudo-Slavic ideology, under the pretexts of protecting ancient Slavonic roots, traditions and rituals, imposes on the Russians, first of all young people, the misanthropic ideas of Nazism, their acceptability and admissibility in the modern conditions. Based on the results of research it is shown that the extremist symbolism, replicated in the Internet space, represents a real threat to the socialization of young people and requires resolute opposition from the state and society.

The article presents the results of sociological research of adherence of the Khabarovsk citizens to a healthy lifestyle. Main-ly the people of Khabarovsk are still oriented in effort to have a healthy lifestyle, but in their daily routine their efforts confront with objective and subjective "barriers" that reduce their motiva-tion and the real leading a healthy lifestyle. The results of the re-search actualize the need of interdepartmental cooperation in the sphere of polarization prophylaxis, through targeted and system-atic joint work of all institutions: government authorities, mass media, medical institutions and educational organizations, and public associations to increase the people of Khabarovsk city leading a healthy lifestyle.

The results of sociological analysis of availability of the environment of activity to disabled people in the context of reali-zation of the state policy and the program measures taken by it are presented in this article. It is shown that creation of condi-tions of availability of the environment to disabled people gains a system character on the basis of international standards and rules. The results of sociological researches of the relation of dis-abled people and not disabled people to the problems of availa-bility of the priority objects and services of their activity, and also in the city of Vladivostok of the Primorsk territory, reflect in the Khabarovsk territory, both a positive, and negative vector of changes. Realization of the principle of universal design of the environment of activity is in the Russian cities at the low level so far and the positive relation to the problems of disabled people from the society doesn't allow most of disabled people be inte-grated into the society on an equal basis with the not disabled people, and, expresses only a part of the interviewed citizens.

The results of sociological measurement of international relations in Khabarovsk in the system of objective and subjective factors and conditions are presented in this article. They demonstrate that at a normal and frictionless state of international relations in the city district the considerable potential of contradictions is revealed. They are covered in rejection with a part of urban population of behavioural characteristics of labor migrants, features of their communication; in the representations created under the influence of mass media about threats of radical Islam, extremism and terrorism. Results of the poll staticize the need of development and adoption of additional measures for strengthening of the international relations and to the ethnocultural development of the city community.

The article discusses conceptual approaches to the strengthening of inter-ethnic relations in the city of Khabarovsk, the results of their sociological factors in measuring system and the conditions of a modern Russian society with the projection in the urban community. Based on official statistics and opinion polls results show the conditionality of international relations as the new challenges and threats, and subjective attitudes to their fellow countrymen of different nationalities and religion. It was established that under normal and peaceful state of interethnic relations in the city district, revealed a significant potential conflict and tension. It actualizes the need for the development and adoption of the municipal program of strengthening and development of international relations and ethno-cultural development of the urban community.

Territories of the advancing social and economic development in the Far East of Russia: from idea to realization

In this article the main questions of the state and development of the local government in the subjects of the Russian Federation of the Far-Eastern federal district are considered (further – FEFD). The main directions of reforming of the local government in the Far-Eastern territorial subjects of the Russian Federation are shown. The need of development of the concept of development of the local government at the federal level, widening of the practice of carrying out sociological polls and sociological monitoring of efficiency of development of the local government is marked. The directions of reforming of the territorial organization of the local government in FEFD are shown, the tendency of integration of municipalities in the Far-Eastern territorial subjects of the Russian Federation is given. Experience of the territorial subjects of the Russian Federation in FEFD on formation of the competences of local governments, development of the financial mechanism, interaction of the state bodies and the local government is shown.

Analysis of the state and dynamics of functioning of the main structures forming the civil society in the Khabarovsk territory is presented in the article. They are presented by individual activity of the citizens, non-profit organizations, the regional Public chamber, the Khabarovsk regional office of the All-Russian social movement «Popular Front «For Russia»». On the basis of results of the sociological monitoring and statistical data the evaluation of the state policy of the rather public activity of the citizens and non-profit organizations, their opportunities in rendering socially useful services to the population, trust to them in the country and the region is given. It is shown that the important direction of empirical researches of the civil society is sociological measurement of levels of its development by means of the system of indicators which cover different aspects of its structure and functions.

The article describes the process of formation of independent evaluation of the quality of social services in the Khabarovsk Territory, identified problems are discussed and analyzed their practical solutions. Methodical approaches to the independent evaluation of the quality of the boundary of special homes for veterans and the results obtained by sociologists of the Far-Eastern institute of management in the implementation of the operator. With the help of 70 indicators show that, along with the high quality evaluations of the quality of services and workers, there are some limitations in the availability, completeness and relevance of the information posted on the websites of the special homes of veterans, which was reflected in the ranking of these social institutions.

The article presents the comparative results of sociological studies of the condition and trends of the civic consciousness of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory in the years 2013 – 2014. As a determining factor in the formation and development of civil society the authors consider the phenomenon of social activity of the population, its role in the mechanisms of interaction between the authorities and society. According to the research there are three conventional forms of social activity: social, institutional and individual. Their share in the social structure of the regional community on the degree of involvement in some form of social activity, including in the organizational - legal (NGOs and the other civil society organizations) is given. Expert evaluations allow separate different models of the social activity of inhabitants of the region and the tendencies of its changes at the regional level.

The article is devoted to the protection of rights and interests of children in the Russian Federation. Particular attention is paid to protecting the rights of students and the peculiarities (specifics) of their studies and social activity, in particular the interpretation of the results of a poll of the students - participants of the Children's Forum "Children! The future! Khabarovsk region!" аmong the school students aged 12 – 16 years on the researched topic. Recommendations on the main directions of the children life organization in the context of the protection of their rights and freedoms are discussed.

Debating club "How to live and manage in the Far East of Russia?" in December 12, 2014 held the next meeting with the agenda: Social quality of the population of the Far East on the basis of the Far-Eastern institute of management – branch of RANEPA by the President of the Russian Federation. The reports made: V.N. Shiyan, Candidate of Philosophy, docent of DVIU – branch of RANEPA by the Russian President and E.L. Motrich, professor of IEI DVO RAN. Representatives of the scientific public organizations and public institutions of the Far-Eastern region participated in this meeting. In the discussion of reports took part: V.K. Zausayev, Doctor of Economics, professor; V.T. Shishmakov, Doctor of Economics, professor; S.N. Kravtsov, Candidate of Economics, docent; V.F. Efremenko, Candidate of Economics, docent; E.S. Krzhizhanovskiy, Candidate of Technical Sciences, docent; S.A. Tokayskiy, Candidate of Economics.

This article presents the analysis of the objective and subjective sides of labor migration in the rural society of the Khabarovsk territory. According to the official statistics, international labor migration in the region has increased substantially, especially from the Central Asian FIC countries, which gives the rise to different models of the social and economic interaction of foreign citizens with the local population. In this case, the main flows of labor migrants settle in the urban areas or near their area. Meanwhile, the need for labor resources is largely expressed in the countryside. Based on the analysis of the narratives of migrant workers in the article the characteristics of different types of the life forms of exchange with the local population, their influence on the development of social relations in the rural society are shown.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the results of sociological research (1996, 2007, 2013) of the potential of young families of Khabarovsk territory, held by a unit methodic. The author substantiates the multidimensional nature of the social potential of young families, its dependence on objective conditions and factors, values and motives. Particular attention is paid to the sociological analysis of reproductive attitudes and behavioral characteristics of a new generation of young family in the region, evaluation of their material conditions of life, spiritual and moral basis for the family life.

The article analyzes the results of the poll of the workers of general (primary and secondary), primary and secondary vocational education of the Khabarovsk Territory as subjects of its reforming. A range of subjective perceptions, judgments, estimates and opinions on a wide range of professional activities that reflect the actual and potential impact on the reform of social institution of education is identified. The general and specific imagination in status and role presentations to the directors and teachers, teachings and support staffs and educational institutions are revealed.

The paper analyzes the changes of institution of the social orphanhood to minimize the public boarding schools, where children are orphans and the children without parental care, as well as the problems of deinstitutionalization in the Khabarovsk Territory.

The article deals with the changes in social well-being of the great socio-demographic group of elderly people of the Khabarovsk territory, who recorded the polls in 1999 and 2011, conducted by a comparable method. Based on the results of research the number of measures to improve the social well-being of the "third age" is suggested.

In the article the results of the opinion poll of the heads of the municipal formations of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Jewish autonomous region to the problems of the functioning of the local communities are presented. The general and the special in the social and economic development of the population of the municipal formations of regions are revealed.

In the article the characteristic of the social structure of survival and the health of workers is given, the results of the study of the leaders and workers of the construction enterprises of the Khabarovsk territory on the questions of industrial safety measures are represented, recommendations to the organs of authority and leaders of organizations for the reduction of production traumatism at the enterprises are proposed.

In the article the theoretical and empirical sociological analysis of mutual relations of the Russian power and citizens at level of municipal communities of some subjects of regions of Far East federal district is presented, their subjective indicators are allocated.

The problems of student youth’s self-organization at the present-day stage of civil society development in Russia have been analyzed. Specific features of youth’s self-organizing potential and the influence on initiation of children and youth non-governmental organizations, informal youth associations have been revealed.