Shulyaeva Aleftina V.

The article is devoted to the analysis of two key federal laws regulating the organization and functioning of local self-government in modern Russia: Federal Law No. 131-FZ of October 6, 2023, “On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” (131-FZ) and Federal Law No. 33-FZ of March 20, 2025, “On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self- Government in a Unifi System of Public Authority” (33-FZ). Both documents play a central role in ensuring democratic foundations for governance at the municipal level and protecting the interests of the population. A brief historical overview illustrates the evolution of local government institutions in Russia and identifi the signifiof Federal Laws 131-FZ and 33-FZ in the development of local government today. A comparative analysis of Federal Laws 131-FZ and 33-FZ is provided in terms of the principles of local government organization, types of municipal entities, the powers of local government bodies, and the main provisions of the laws. It is concluded that Federal Laws 131-FZ and 33-FZ demonstrate the progressive development of the Russian legal system, focused on meeting the needs of the population and building fair and reliable social relations. The innovations of 33-FZ are aimed at strengthening state integrity, ensuring the equitable distribution of resources, and creating favorable conditions for sustainable socioeconomic growth in every territory of Russia.

The article analyzes measures of social protection of population determined by the state programs on the example of a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation: the Khabarovsk territory, Irkutsk and the Amur regions. The main idea is to show how certain categories of citizens receive certain measures of state support in the different constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with the current legislation. It is shown that the constituent entities of the Russian Federation provide for additional measures of social support within the framework of the state programs of social protection adopted by them. Attention is focused on the fact that in the Russian Federation, social support measures are provided on a mandatory basis to all citizens in need of this within the framework of available funding. However, the co-financing of regional programs from the federal budget is not equal to all constituent entities of the Russian Federation (by the example of those analyzed in the article), as a result of which they have unequal opportunities in the implementation of measures of social protection of the population.

In the article the authors consider theoretical and practical problems of organization of work with the citizens' appeals as one of the sources of information on the socio-economic status of different groups of people in their place of residence (district, city, village), people's moods and needs. Timely and qualitative resolution of the problems contained in appeals contributes significantly to meeting the needs and demands of citizens, relieving tension in the local community, increasing the authority of government and government, and strengthening their connection with the population. In the opinion of the authors, the practice of working with citizens' appeals shows that the local executive power remains the main guarantor of the solution of problems of life activity. Based on the analysis of the activities of the administration of the Bikin municipal district of the Khabarovskregion, the article analyzes the main directions of organization of work with citizens' appeals, identifies problems that have a negative impact and suggests ways of solving them.

В настоящей статье автором рассматриваются теоретические и практические вопросы предоставления мер социальной поддержки отдельным категориям граждан. Несомненно, социальная поддержка как всего населения, так и отдельно взятых категорий граждан является прерогативой государства. Другими словами, государство должно давать законодательные, экономические, социальные и иные гарантии отдельным категориям граждан страны. В данной статье рассматривается одна из категорий, которая получает социальную поддержку – многодетные семьи. Основной причиной, по которой было принято решение рассматривать эту категорию граждан, получающих социальную поддержку, стало то, что в Хабаровском крае наблюдается рост числа многодетных семей. Автор статьи на основе анализа деятельности Министерства социальной защиты населения Хабаровского края рассмотрел все предоставляемые (гарантированные государством и дополнительные, принятые в Хабаровском крае) выплаты данной категории граждан. И выявил проблемы, которые оказывают негативное воздействие как на работу Министерства социальной защиты населения Хабаровского края, так и на положение многодетных семей. ; Ключевые слова: социальная поддержка, многодетные семьи, социальная поддержка отдельных категорий граждан, несовершеннолетние дети, виды социальной поддержки, Хабаровский край.

In this article, the author examines theoretical and practical issues of employment of people with disabilities – disabled. One of the urgent problems for the state authorities is the restoration of the social status and the achievement of the material inde-pendence of disabled persons with an orientation to universally recognized interna-tional standards. Investigating the work and experience of leading scientists in this field, it can be concluded that for a long period of time the problems of vocational education and employment of persons with disabilities have not been given proper attention. At the present stage of development of the society, for the first time, a re-habilitation course is recognized as a priority in the social policy of the state with regard to disabled people, understood as a system of measures aimed at creating the necessary legal conditions and mechanisms for their implementation, including or-ganizational and managerial, that stimulate the employment and employment of disa-bled people. Promoting the inclusion of people with disabilities in the workplace is an interdepartmental task that requires coordination of efforts of all branches and levels of government, business and civil society, including public associations of disabled people. Ensuring the employment of people with disabilities in the open labor market requires a systematic approach.

In the present article the author considers theoretical questions, situations and problems in the sphere of professionalizing of the personnel of municipal service. One of the actual problems of current state of the training for municipal management are the identification and evaluation of the personnel capacity of municipality, formation of the uniform information base on training of the municipal employees. Investigating the works and experience of the leading scientists in this area, it is possible to draw a conclusion that during the long period of time to the problems of staffing of the local governments in the Russian Federation proper attention wasn't given. At the present stage of development of the society the vector of movement of the problems connected with the personnel potential in the field of its qualitative aspects, such as is formed: knowledge, qualification, experience, skills, and also the personal qualities. The success of formation of the system of local government in many respects is determined by those who will realize its functions in practice that generates a question of the personnel capacity of the local government.