Федорищева Е. К

The article discusses theoretical and applied aspects of introduction of the innovative health-saving technologies in preparation of the highest echelon of medical industry in the Far-East region. Based on a comparative analysis of the results of current research and fundamental sociological sources covering the issues of personal and group behavior of the students of medical universities in relation to health, as well as the results of previously published own observations, taking into account the newly identified factors that affect the behavioral models of the modern student youth, in this article an attempt to comprehend and conceptualize the healthforming algorithm at the medical university, highlight the main directions of influence on the behavioral stereotypes and patterns of students, the formation of a rational attitude to the physical and psychological status, and the reduction of morbidity in the educational space is made. The proposed concept assumes a fundamentally new scheme for reducing the incidence rate and introducing previously unused methods of health saving among students. The structural-functional approach used in the development of the postulates of the concept makes it possible to determine and rank the significance of new functional relationships in the educational environment of a medical university, and the axiological approach to identify the most important values of students when making decisions regarding their own health. The article pays great attention to the applied aspects of health saving: the necessity of using interactive technologies and active interventions by the IT departments of the university in the existing network publics, popular among the students, generating original messages that initiate the formation of the need for introspection, obtaining new knowledge among students of medical specialties is substantiated. About the social value of health-saving behavior as a tool to improve social status, ways to implement the information are received.

This work studies the relationship between behavioral strategies in relation to health and its objective state among the students of medical specialties in the light of current sociological ideas about the models of health-saving behavior. The empirical part of the study was conducted on the basis of the Far-Eastern Federal and Pacific State Medical University using questionnaires and analysis of medical documentation. There were 827 medical students of both sexes. It was found that students generally assess the compliance of their behavioral stereotypes of the health-saving model with 2.7 points, while determining behavioral strategies as a role model they take the behavior of friends and the university professors. In the process of work, a high level of students' chronic morbidity was confirmed however, according to the data obtained, only a few behavioral stereotypes correlate with the average morbidity level: a habit of good nutrition, commitment to the basic hygiene rules, adherence to sleep and wakefulness. The analysis made it possible to suggest that the process of learning new social practices and the formation of behavioral strategies in relation to health and health protection among the students of medical directions is accompanied by a high level of imitation by significant others, which confirms the important role of copying behavioral by an individual installations in the process of adaptation to the new environmental conditions. At the same time, the authors do not find convincing evidence of the priority of planned behavior, the subjective expected utility, the motivation for protection, which may be due to the weak propensity for introspection and self-esteem among the young respondents studying at the medical universities. According to the authors, the obtained data also allow us draw a preliminary conclusion that the structural-functional approach is effective in studying and interpreting the functional relationships between the students' behavioral relations and environmental institutional factors.

In the course of the study, the impact of diverse socio-economic, demographic, medical, everyday factors on the self-protective and health-saving behavior of medical students was evaluated, and the data obtained were compared with the objective state of their health in terms of a structurally functional approach to the theory of social processes. A set of empirical data was carried out from June 1 to December 1, 2018 at the Far-Eastern Federal University (FEFU, Biomedicine Schools) and the Pacific State Medical University (TSMU) using the principles of stratified by the gender and age signs of randomization. The sample included 989 students of both sexes (481 (48.6%) girls, average age 21.1 years and 488 (51.4%) boys, average age 21.5 years). The response frequency was 95, 1%. All students filled out a student self-assessment questionnaire (Pozdeeva, 2008; with additions of the authors), consisting of 5 blocks of questions. The objective state of health was assessed by the index of comorbidity, the number of diagnoses made in the previous year in the list of specified diagnoses, and the frequency of seeking medical help. For statistical processing of data arrays, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. The correlation of indicators was determined with the calculation of the Spearman coefficient. In the course of the study, a number of imbalances were revealed in the students’ assessment of the medical areas of factors of influence on health-saving behavior. The respondents’ average assessments of current behavioral stereotypes regarding occupational health and recreation, as well as the level of psychological comfort and awareness on the issues of health and health-saving behavior, were high, while medical activity, physical culture and socio-economic status received low average ratings (range from 2.5 to 3.5). An analysis of the relationships between individual indicators associated with health-saving behavior and objective indicators of health status revealed at least 19 parameters that have a high level of correlation. Based on these results, the structuralfunctional approach allows you to create a two-component model that links the heterogeneous elements of students’ behavior in relation to health and its objective state. Based on the created model of correlation of heterogeneous factors and health-saving behavior, a number of measures are proposed for administrative and socio-media management of students’ health-saving behavior.