Ivanova Sembrika N.

The article provides an assessment of socio-economic sustainability of rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia using the developed and tested methodology. It is noted that indicators of infrastructure provision, transport accessibility of rural areas, the level and quality of life of the population living in them are significantly inferior to urban ones, which leads to inter-territorial inequality and increased outflow of the rural population. It was revealed that in the structure of rural settlements of the Republic of Buryatia, sparsely populated ones predominate (26.2% with a population of less than 100 people; 16.6% - 101-200 people and 24.9% - 201-500 people), with In this case, more than a third of the rural population lives in settlements with a population of more than 5,000 people. The difficulties of developing rural areas are due to the fact that they are subject to social, economic, demographic, environmental and other challenges. Rural territories were differentiated according to the integral index of social and economic sustainability of rural territories. Groups of rural areas with high, medium and low levels of socio-economic sustainability have been identified. The socio-economic development of rural areas within the boundaries of which the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory lies is constrained by the legal framework in which significant restrictions in economic activity prevail. The study used comparative analysis and economic-statistical methods. The information base was data from the Federal State Statistics Service. In territories with a special regime of environmental management, the goals of preserving the unique natural environment must be accompanied by the creation of conditions for improving the quality of life of the population. The main conclusions and recommendations can be used by authorities when improving the system for comprehensive assessment of socio-economic sustainability and when developing programs for the socio-economic development of rural areas.

The article is a continuation of a cycle of publications devoted to the study of social problems and contradictions of sustainable development of the territories. The authors note that signifi restrictions on the development of economic activity, including agriculture, due to the special nature management regime in the Baikal natural territory, generally hinder the development of the regional economy. In particular, in this article, the authors explore the impact of environmental restrictions on the employment of the rural population as an indicator of the sustainable development of rural areas. The object of study was the Barguzinsk, Pribaikalsk, Kabansk, Severo- Baikalsk districts and the city of Severobaikalsk, within the boundaries of which the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory in the Republic of Buryatia passes. The study used methods of comparative analysis and economic and statistical methods. The information base was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service for 1990-2023. Changes in the basic types of economic activity in terms of the share of the population employed in them are considered. The factors negatively affecting the development of agriculture and other branches of the agro-industrial complex in the region with environmental regulation are determined. Studies have shown that in order to develop agriculture, increase employment in rural areas, and reduce the risk of migration losses, targeted measures are needed to increase the availability of transport and social services. The main conclusions and recommendations can be used by the authorities in development of the programs to promote employment and socio-economic development of the regions.