Veprikova Elena B.

The article deals with the issues of the Far-Eastern macro-region spatial development in the context of the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation, within which a special role is assigned to the cities. To determine their impact on the nearby territories and the macro-region development level, a comparative assessment of the socio-economic development of municipalities of subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the Far Eastern Federal District was carried out. Despite the fact that cities make a signifi contribution to the regional economy, they have a limited impact on neighboring territories. To identify the reasons for the weak spread of agglomeration effects, an analysis of the city’s spatial location, their contribution to the regional economy was made, and the corresponding conclusions were drawn. Assessment of possible results of the ongoing state policy aimed at the growth centers is given. Possible directions for making managerial decisions and their consequences for the spatial development of the Far-Eastern macro-region are given.

In the emerging new economic conditions, the role of the Russian Far East as a critical element in the implementation of the Eastern vector of the development of the Russian economy is growing. Increased attention to the Far Easter uncovers opportunities for the growth of its investment attractiveness and raises issues of economic and social development of the Far-Eastern territories. An essential element of regional development is the conditions of the budgetary systems of the Far-Eastern regions – their ability to develop their own sources of revenue and increase their self-sufficiency. The article considers the current state and problems of tax and non-tax revenues of budgets in the regions of the Russian Far East. The Far-Eastern regions are significantly differentiated in terms of the size and structure of budgetary revenues, which leads to different reactions to changes in the economic situation and tax regulation. Over the past ten years, the regions of the Russian Far East have demonstrated modest growth in tax revenues, which is a joint result of both economic development trends and the tax policy pursued by the state. An estimate of the size of shortfalls in revenues of regional budgets for corporate income tax as a result of preferential tax regimes is assessed. The dynamic development of the economy’s resource and raw materials sector enabled a significant tax potential in the macro-region that can be used as a source of additional financial support for regional budgets and the formation of “development budgets”. Impacts on the budgets of the FarEastern regions in the case of partial decentralization of the federal part of the mineral extraction tax are considered.

Development of any territorial system is the resulting dynamics of its components – in the case of the regions of the Russian Federation – its constituent municipalities. It is at this level that economic agents and residents directly come into contact with the results of state policy to create favorable conditions for doing business and comfortable living. Comparative studies of socio-economic dynamics on a municipal region make it possible to identify territories with similar development characteristics, which forms a rationale for the implementation of targeted regional policy measures in relation to specific groups of territories. The article presents an overview of publications on the issues of assessing the socio-economic development of municipalities, and substantiates a need to develop our own approach. Based on the attributes of local backwardness such as lagging behind in development from the other similar territories, stable negative economic dynamics; lack of conditions and opportunities for endogenous development, the author's methodology of comparative assessment of the level of socio-economic development of municipalities is proposed. The logic of building a system of indicators is presented, in accordance with which three areas of assessment (“the state of the economy”, “economic dynamics”, “conditions for maintaining human potential”) are identified. The selection of indicators is substantiated in the context of limited statistical data at the municipal level, and an approach for calculating integral indicators for each of the areas of assessment is given. An approach has been formed to the grouping of municipalities depending on the degree of manifestation of local backwardness. This grouping can serve as a basis for determining directions and instruments of selective regional policy for the territories with different levels of development.

The authors proposed the approach for assessing the state and development potential of the macro-region. The specificity of the Far-Eastern macro-region is revealed in comparison with the other macro-regions of Russia. The assessment includes the natural and resource potential of the macro-region, the availability of infrastructure, the habitability of the territory as well as the indicators of economic and social development. Competitive advantages and limitations in the development of the Far East are presented. Proposals on the directions of implementation of the public policy of spatial development of the Far-Eastern macro-region, including the social and economic potential and the limiting factors, are formulated.

Проблемы межрегиональной дифференциации и территориальной депрессивности препятствуют экономическому росту и приводят к диспропорциям пространственного развития страны, которые увеличивают риски формирования депрессивных территорий. Наличие депрессивных территорий в рамках одной территориальной системы снижает общую результативность государственной политики, так как позитивные изменения в развитии одних территорий нивелируются негативными процессами в других. В связи с этим диагностика состояния и выявление признаков нарастания депрессивности является важной задачей государственного управления. Выявлять риски формирования региональной депрессивности целесообразно на ранней стадии, когда проведение корректирующих управленческих воздействий максимально результативно и требует меньшего объема ресурсов. Для этого необходим мониторинг социально-экономического развития, построенный на информативной системе показателей, фиксирующих не только текущее состояние территории, но и его динамику с позиции выявления признаков депрессивности. В статье предложен авторский подход к оценке территориальной депрессивности, особенностью которого является учет условий сохранения и воспроизводства качественного человеческого капитала как основного ресурса развития. Учитывая ориентиры национальной политики Российской Федерации, направленные на опережающее социально-экономическое развитие дальневосточного макрорегиона, апробация предлагаемого подхода проведена на примере регионов Дальнего Востока России. ; Ключевые слова:управление региональным развитием, депрессивные территории, признаки депрессивности, территориальное развитие, факторы социального неблагополучия.