Stroeva Galina N.

Stabilization of the demographic situation and increase in the population in all subjects of the Russian Federation including the Far Eastern Federal District is one of the main conditions for ensuring the national security, preserving territorial integrity, as well as the successful socio-economic development of the Russian Far East. The subject of the study is the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) - the only one Far Eastern region of Russia with increasing of permanent population since 2014. The growth of the republic's population is achieved through natural increase mainly. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the demographic situation and problems that prevent demographic development in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The research is necessary to adjust measures for implementing regional demographic policy. The study has been conducted based on offi statistical data using methods of system and comparative analysis, tabular and graphical interpretation of data, and regression analysis. The analysis results of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) dynamics and structure are presented. The study allowed us to state that the values of many demographic indicators in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are better than in the Russian Far East and Russia, however, there is a number of problems of the demographic development of the Region: a high number of abortions and children born out of wedlock, a high level of unregistered marriages and mortality from external causes, migration outfl of the population, etc. It has not been possible to achieve the target values of the indicators set by authorities yet.

The economic availability of food, being a form of manifestation of the food security in the state and its regions, characterizes the population’s ability to consume a suffi amount of safe and high-calorie food. The Khabarovsk Territory belongs to the regions with extreme natural conditions that impede the development of agriculture and the production of many food products. Therefore, the problem of providing the population with food is quite acute. The author carries out the analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the economic availability of food, used for cross-country and interregional comparison. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of economic accessibility of food in the Khabarovsk Territory. To achieve the goal, the author suggests a set of fi indicators, a methodology for calculating the level of economic accessibility of food and evaluation criteria. The technique is distinguished by its relative simplicity, availability of the necessary statistical data and the possibility of application for interregional comparisons. The study was carried out using methods of systemic and comparative analysis and scoring. The dynamics of indicators characterizing the level of economic accessibility of food has been analyzed. The values of three of the fi indicators of economic accessibility of food (purchasing power of cash income of the population, share of population's expenditure on food and the Gini coeffi in the region are consistently at a low level. The results of the study indicate that fundamental changes in the state food security policy and the measures for accelerated import substitution have not yet led to an increase in the level of economic availability of food in the Khabarovsk Territory.

The fuel and energy complex (FEC) is a complex inter-industry complex of the Far East, whose activities continue to focus on increasing the volume of production and export of energy resources. The introduction of sanctions against the oil and gas complex led to a violation of the logistics of export deliveries. The process of diversification of energy supplies to the rapidly developing market of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and the domestic market that has begun requires the implementation of infrastructure projects of the fuel and energy complex for the construction of pipeline transport facilities. Termination of supplies of the European technologies and equipment, existing contracts for the maintenance of supplied equipment, as well as a ban on investments, exacerbated the problem of technical equipment and modernization of organizations of the complex. The state of the fuel and energy complex of the Far East is characterized by a low level of development and competitiveness of its processing sector. Under the current conditions, the formation of a modern institutional environment is becoming an important condition for improving the efficiency of the fuel and energy complex and ensuring effective domestic demand for the energy resources of the Far East. Many problems of the development of the fuel and energy complex can be solved only through a competent combination of market mechanisms for self- development and effective mechanisms of state regulation. The purpose of this study is to study the transformation of the institutional environment of the fuel and energy complex and analyze the influence of institutions on the development of the complex in the Far-Eastern federal district (FEFD). The article gives description of the political, legal and economic institutions of regulation and development institutions that form the institutional environment for the functioning of the fuel and energy complex. The main forms and methods of state support for organizations of the fuel and energy complex are systematized. The main functions of the fuel and energy complex are considered. The study was performed using the methods of systemic and comparative analysis.

The incessant outflow of population to the western regions of the country threatens the fulfillment of the tasks of socio-economic development of the Khabarovsk territory. Affordability of housing is one of the main factors for securing the population in the region. Therefore, for the Khabarovsk Territory, solving the problem of affordability of housing is of particular importance. The level of provision of the population with housing and its availability for acquisition of ownership are indicators of the level of well-being of the population, its social security and investment activity. The article presents various approaches to the definition of the concept of «housing affordability». Analysis of the state of housing stock and provision of housing for the population of the Khabarovsk territory is made. The assessment of housing affordability for population was carried out using the housing affordability coefficients calculated using two methods. The results of implementation of the national project «Housing and the urban environment» and the state program «Development of housing construction in the Khabarovsk territory» are considered. It has been established that not all planned indicators of the state program in 2018-2020 have been achieved. In conditions of limited supply and failure to fulfill plans for the volume of housing commissioning, the increase in demand for housing in the primary market, caused by implementation of the Far-Eastern mortgage program, led to a significant increase in housing prices. The growth rates of housing prices outstrip the growth rates of both average wages and average per capita money incomes of the population. Therefore, a significant part of the region's population is experiencing serious difficulties in acquiring housing. To solve the identified problems, it is necessary to develop additional measures both at the federal and regional levels. Recommendations are given to improve the housing affordability in the Khabarovsk territory.

The article discusses the first results of implementation of the national project «Demography» in the Khabarovsk territory, analyzes the degree of compliance of the planned and actually achieved indicators. Assessment of the current situation in the field of demographic development in the Khabarovsk territory determines the importance of implementation of this project. For the Khabarovsk territory, the issues of reproduction of the population of the appropriate quantity and quality are among the top priorities and their relevance only increases with time. Due to the high mortality rate of the working-age population and the outflow of working-age population to other regions of the country, the economy of the Khabarovsk territory is not developing fast enough. The steady decline in the number of women of reproductive age also contributes to the decrease in natural population growth. The national project «Demography» should ensure the preservation of the population. A number of problems have been identified that do not allow making national projects an effective tool of public administration. Thus, the passports of federal and regional projects, as amended in 2020, do not specify their goals, and the proposed indicators do not allow us to unambiguously assess the degree of achievement of national goals. The realism and validity of the control figures are questionable. Federal and regional projects in the same areas use different sets of indicators in terms of composition and number. The analysis of the identified problems in the implementation of the national project «Demography» requires the development and justification of additional measures, both at the federal and regional levels, supported by appropriate funding from the federal budget. Suggestions are given to improve the methodology for developing projects in the field of demographic development.

At the legislative level, it is established that the culture of Russia, as well as natural resources, is the property of the country and an important resource for the socio-economic development of all its territories and improving the quality of life of the population. Improving the management process and strategic planning of development of the sphere of culture is due to the need for more efficient use of public finances and the level of investment attractiveness of the industry. Strategic planning tools play an important role in optimizing the process of managing of the sphere of culture. The analysis of state programs and strategies sections of the socio-economic development of the eleven regions of FEFD on the development of the sphere of culture, revealed the structural and methodological problems of the development of regional strategic planning documents in the sphere of culture. The main problems include: inconsistency of the structure and content of strategies and programs with methodical instructions (recommendations) and the procedure for their development; lack of a unified methodological approach to understanding the essence and basic components of strategies and programs; lack of a unified approach to the number, composition and presentation of target indicators; insufficient level of interconnection of regional strategic planning documents. A serious problem in the development of strategies and programs is the lack of uniform requirements for indicators for assessing the implementation of strategic goals and objectives, measures of government programs, as well as an interconnected system for assessing strategic planning documents developed at different levels of management. Differences in the structural elements and inconsistencies with the stated criteria are noted in the reviewed documents of all FEFD regions. The main reason for the discrepancy – is the lack of a unified methodology for the development of both regional strategies and government programs.