«Еврейский вопрос» в России и пути его решения в 20 – 30-е гг. XX в. ; "Jewish problem" in Russia and the way of its decision in 20 – 30th of the XX century

Abstract

In this article the appearance of "Jewish problem" in Russia, and also the political, social, economic and religious reasons of its appearance are considered. It is established that for Russia the "Jewish problem" became actual in the XVIII-XIX centuries and was connected with the state policy concerning the Jewish population. The essence of such policy during the studied period was reduced to the establishment and development of "the pale of settlement" which was expressed in restriction of the rights of Jewish population in a free choice of residence, a type of professional activity and access to the cultural and educational values. The results of restrictions became a distress of Jews at the beginning of the XX century and their mass migration to the countries of the foreign and neighboring countries. Creation of the Jewish autonomous region was one of the versions of the solution of "Jewish problem" by the Soviet power in the 20 –30th of the XX century, based on ideas of the self-determination of "the people oppressed by tsarism". In this context the local bodies of the authority and management taking into account the national features freely had to be formed, develop the culture, education and religious traditions.