Иванченко Е.С.

In the period of 2000-2018, the Russian economy experienced several external shocks (crisis periods): in 2004, 2008, and 2014, which had a significant impact on credit support for the production and investment sectors. Industrial enterprises in the Russian Federation maintained their share in the structure of the economy throughout the observation period, while the share of industry in the GRP structure of a separate region of the Far-Eastern federal district – the Khabarovsk territory decreased by more than 2 times. Maintaining the position of Russian industry was accompanied by an increased dependence of production and investment activities on the credit resources. In the economy of the Khabarovsk territory, there was a decrease in investment. The minimum growth rate of investment in the fixed capital compared to the previous year in the region was observed in the post-crisis year 2005, and in 2012–2017, investment declined annually. One of the reasons for the reduction in investment was a decrease in the share of credits in the sources of investment financing. Дальний Восток: новые стратегии и модели развития At the same time, the role of banks was not stable and significantly fluctuated under the influence of crisis events. The level of the share of Bank loans in the sources of investment financing less than 5% was formed in the Khabarovsk territory in 2004, 2010, 2017, while the lowest indicator (3.3%) in 2010 corresponded to the lowest share of the region's industry in the structure of investment into the fixed capital (19%).

Instability in the economy for the last decades has financial nature. It was accompanied by worsening of external and internal market conditions, demand reduction for the products of industrial enterprises, especially for the products of the processing industry enterprise. Economy instability leads to the GDP decline, capital outflow from industrial and financial sectors of economy, investment, lending activity decrease. In these circumstances the role of state support instruments and measures increases. Banking sector is a leading institute of investment and current activity of business financing. In circumstance of instability and crisis, accompanied by capital outflows and restrictions to attract foreign sources of financing the role of the banking sector increases. For the last several years role of the microfinance organizations in providing financial resources for small business activity rises.

The analysis of dynamics of the structure of the non-financial sector of economy of the Russian Federation showed that an inconsistency of economic policy of the state and its standard providing led to the strengthening of the extracting sector, to its deindustrialization. At the same time strengthening of differentiation of the income of the able-bodied population depending on employment in this or that sector of economy, including the industry, and also the growing differentiation of the level of development of the regions of the country depending on presence at the structure of economy of the extracting enterprises, the energy companies are noted. Most obviously these processes characterize the dynamics of the structure of industrial sector of economy of the Far-Eastern federal district. The economy of the Far East gains the raw orientation supported by the essential volume of investment into the extracting industries more and more.

The formation and realization of investment in innovation with the aim of in-creasing the competitiveness and sustainable growth of the industrial complex takes place in the framework of the national innovation system. An essential condition for the effective development of the investment and innovation system is the assessment and analysis of available experience of the leading countries with regard to the global perspectives on the market.

The article provides an overview of the regulatory framework that creates the basis and defines the elements of infrastructure to support the innovative industrial enterprises in Russia and in the Khabarovsk territory. The elements of the institutional environment for innovation, their accompanying material support instruments innovation of industrial enterprises and the economy as a whole are showed.

Methodical approaches of reference of the enterprises to innovative type are considered, the specified system of criteria of the organization’s innovative level is offered, based on the results of investment poll. The results of approbation of an estimation of the organization’s innovative level on the basis of the offered system of criteria and mechanisms of reception of the information are resulted and given by the author.