Dyomina Olga V.

The article examines the energy and heat supply systems of the Khabarovsk Krai taking into account the changes in the institutional conditions of their functioning. The electric power industry is viewed as a branch of specialization of the region due to the concentration of dispatching and management functions in the region. The paper states that the technological status of the energy system of the region is inferior to the neighboring regions of the Eastern Unifi Energy System, which is due to the old generating equipment and the increasing capacity defi Taking heat economy characteristics into account the situation in the region is more favorable than in the southern zone of the Far Eastern Federal District. Basing on the consumption and purchasing power assessment, economic accessibility of electric and thermal energy makes the Khabarovsk Krai inferior to neighboring regions, which is due to a higher level of electricity tariffs, and a higher thermal energy consumption.

The article analyzes the main markets of the Asia-Pacifi region from the perspective of assessing the niche of Russian energy resources: NEA-3 countries (Japan, the Republic of Korea, China) and India. Based on a synthesis of expert assessments from the leading research groups, it is shown that reduction in the size of the fossil fuel energy markets of Japan and the Republic of Korea is occurring at the fastest rate.Signifi reduction in exports to these countries is predicted since these markets are traditional for Russia in the Asia-Pacifi region. It was determined that in the current situation, the most promising in terms of export of Russian energy resources are India and China, whose role has increased many times under the conditions of sanctions restrictions imposed on Russia since 2022. It is shown that compensatory capabilities of the economies of China and India to compensate closed to Russia energy markets are limited. In the medium term there is a still high potential for increasing exports, in the long term this requires expansion of the transport infrastructure. However, despite all these limitations, it is possible to predict partial preservation of market niches in the markets of NEA-3 and India for the Russian fossil fuels. In the emerging hydrogen market, the niches of Japan and the Republic of Korea will likely be closed to Russia; in the markets of China and India, which focused on their own production, Russian products will most likely lose out in price competition.

The article examines the transformation processes of institutional environment that shape the development of the Russian Far East's energy sector under the global «green» energy transition. It is portrayed that the key relevant legal norms were adopted in 2020–2021; therefore, they have not yet affected the sectoral and production proportions of the energy sector. Two promising technological direc-tions are identified that form the material basis for the energy transition in Russia: power generation based on renewable energy sources (RES) and hydrogen tech-nologies. It was revealed that electricity market segments and territories highly dif-ferentiate in terms of the state support for developing RES. Shortcomings of the mechanisms of RES state support for each segment of the market and territories are identified, and their evolution over time is displayed. The development of hydrogen technologies is at the initial stage: the regulatory and legal framework has been formed, and the scientific and technological potential has been consolidated. The current development model of the energy sector of the Far East of Russia is characterized, and the conditions for its transformation against the backdrop of the global energy transition are analyzed. It has been determined that the most effective state support measures do not cover most of the territory of the Far East. As such, the prospective share of RES in the generation mix of the majority of the Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation will not exceed 1%. Conditions for hydrogen production in the regions of the Russian Far East are analyzed and competitive advantages, barriers and threats are determined.

Assessment of demand of the population for the services of power supply in the conditions of the southern zone of the Far East is presented in this article. Differentiation of availability of services to consumers depending on the power supply sources on the example of the Khabarovsk territory is shown. Distribution of payments for the power supply services consumed by the population is presented. It is proved that in case of transition to a full recovery of expenses of producers of services of power supply it will be required to an increase considerably scales of social support from the budgets that contradicts the logic of institutional transformations directed to a decrease in financial load of the state.