ОРВ в помощь инновационному предпринимательству в Хабаровском крае

УДК 338.22(571.620)

Elena Anatolyevna Mozhaeva – consultant of the department of an assessment of regulating impact of the administration of small and middle entrepreneurship of the ministry of economic development of the Khabarovsk territory (Khabarovsk). E-mail: elena.mozhaeva@bk.ru

ARI for help to the innovative entrepreneurship in the Khabarovsk region

In the article the question of institutional ensuring innovative entrepreneurship in the Khabarovsk territory is considered. The author determines a place and a role of the institute of assessment of the regulating impact in the system of actions providing innovative development of the region. The essence, the purpose and a legal basis of carrying out an assessment procedure of the regulating impact, and also the key problems preventing business and innovative business, in particular, which the assessment procedure of the regulating impact is urged to solve are considered. In the article the influence of assessment of the regulating impact on such international indicator as a country line item under the terms of maintaining business in a rating of the World bank is described. The analysis of a line item of Russia in this rating for 2015 is carried out. Besides, the analysis of the best practice of carrying out an assessment procedure of the regulating impact of the regulatory legal acts for 2016 directed to the regulation of legal relationship in the innovative sphere on the example of the draft government resolution of the Arkhangelsk region is provided.

Оценка регулирующего воздействия в помощь инновационному предпринимательству в Хабаровском крае

В статье рассматривается вопрос институционального обеспечения инновационного предпринимательства в Хабаровском крае. Автором определяются место и роль института оценки регулирующего воздействия в системе мероприятий, обеспечивающих инновационное развитие края. Рассматриваются суть, цель и правовые основания проведения процедуры оценки регулирующего воздействия, а также ключевые проблемы, мешающие ведению бизнеса и инновационного бизнеса, в частности те, которые призвана решить процедура оценки регулирующего воздействия. В статье описывается влияние оценки регулирующего воздействия на такой международный показатель, как позиция страны по условиям ведения бизнеса в рейтинге Всемирного банка. Проведен анализ позиции России в данном рейтинге за 2015 г. Кроме того, представлен анализ лучшей практики проведения процедуры оценки регулирующего воздействия нормативных правовых актов за 2016 г., направленных на регулирование правоотношений в инновационной сфере, на примере проекта постановления правительства Архангельской области.

Keywords: innovative entrepreneurship, innovative development of the region, regulatory impact assessment.

Ключевые слова: инновационное предпринимательство, инновационное развитие края, оценка регулирующего воздействия (далее – ОРВ).

A number of regulating legal documents declaring innovation activities as a priority of developing regional and national economy was accepted at the federal and regional levels.

Priorities and purposes of the state policy in the sector of innovation development of the economy of the Khabarovsk territory take into consideration the following statements:

1. Conceptions of long-term social and economic development of the Russian Federation for the period till 2020 approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated on November 17, 2008 No. 1662-r.

2. Strategy of innovation development of the Russian Federation for the period till 2020 approved by the Government of the Russian Federation dated on December 08, 2011 No. 2227-r.

3. The strategy of social and economic development of the Russian Far East and the Baikal Region for the period till 2025 approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated on December 28, 2009 No. 2094-r.

4. The strategy of social and economic development of the Khabarovsk territory till 2025 approved by the order of the Government of the Khabarovsk territory dated on January 13, 2009 No. 1-pr;

5. The state program of the Khabarovsk territory "Innovation development and modernization of the economy of the Khabarovsk territory " approved by the order of the Government of the Khabarovsk territory dated on June 26, 2012 No. 212-pr (further – the State program).

The main objective of the State program is to make the conditions for transiting the economy of the Khabarovsk territory to the innovative way of its development by 2020 and also to create effective innovative system, develop innovative infrastructure in order to upgrade traditional sectors of the economy of the region, increase competitiveness of producers due to implementation of new technologies and innovations.

Achieving the purpose of the State program is characterized by the following main indicators [2]:

• specific weight of the firms performing technological innovations, in total quantity of the surveyed firms – 25%;

• specific weight of innovative products in a total amount of the shipped products – 3,8%;

• a number of the used advanced production technologies – 2963 units;

• a share of intangible assets in non-current assets of the organizations – 0,05%.

Ensuring effective implementation of the State program requires carrying out purposeful and system actions from executive bodies of the Region and also business communities.

Key conditions of ensuring innovative development of the economy of the Khabarovsk territory are the following:

1. Institutional ensuring the actions for innovative development.

2. Assistance in creating and developing innovative infrastructure.

3. Creating and developing innovative territorial cluster of the Khabarovsk territory.

4. Developing the complex support of the innovative activities of firms.

5. Propagandizing innovative, inventive, scientific and technical activities.

The special attention from this list for innovative development deserves the institutional ensuring to form and use new mechanisms and methods of participants’ interaction in the innovative processes including the state support of the subjects of the innovative activities.

The main areas of the work within institutional ensuring the actions in the innovative development in the region are shown in the figure 1.

Fig. 1. Institutional ensuring actions for innovative development of the Region

The purpose of carrying out the ARI procedure is to identify provisions launching excessive obligations, prohibitions and restrictions for the subjects of business and investing activities or to promote their introduction and also provisions promoting the emergence of unreasonable expenses of the subjects of business and investing activities and budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation [1].

In pursuance of the Presidential decree of the Russian Federation of May 07, 2012 No. 601 "About the main directions of enhancement of system of public administration" the Federal law of July 02, 2013 No. 176-FL "About modification of the Federal law "about the General Principles of the Organization of Legislative (Representative) and Executive Bodies of the Government of Subjects of the Russian Federation" and articles 7 and 46 of the Federal law "About the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-government in the Russian Federation" concerning ARI projects of regulatory legal acts and examination of regulatory legal acts", fixed carrying out the ARI procedure of projects of regulatory legal acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation and projects of municipal regulatory legal acts has been adopted.

When carrying out the ARI procedure experts reveal four key problems preventing business:

1) Non-transparent ministerial procedures.

2) Excessive obligations, restrictions and prohibitions for subjects of business and investing activities.

3) Unreasonable expenses of subjects of business and investing activities.

4) Uncertainty of the applied terminology due to the technique of carrying out anti-corruption examination of regulatory legal acts is a corruptogenic factor.

Carrying out the ARI procedure influences on forming the effective system of standard legal support of innovative activities of the Khabarovsk territory and other subjects of the Russian Federation. In turn, it cannot help in reflecting in such international indicator of World Bank Rankings as a country line item under the terms of business, including exerting impact on its innovative development.

In 2015 the Russian Federation has improved the line items directly on 30 points and has risen with 92 to the 62nd place in a rating (table 1).

On degree of usefulness of conditions for business activity the country ranges between Greece (61) and Moldova (63). In 2015 the results were the best for the country during its observation. In 2011 Russia took the 120th place where there is Brazil now due to the data of 2015 [4]. Nevertheless, there are still many other developed countries of the world which are in advance of Russia according to the rankings.

Table 1

World Bank Ratings by the indicator "Conditions doing business in the country" due to the data of 2015 [3]

Key indicators of the Russian Federation in the international rankings are the following indicators [3]:

- simplicity in business registration – the 34th place;

- simplicity in property rights registration – the 12th place;

- level of lending – the 61th place;

- level of investor protection – the 100th place;

- level of taxation – the 49th place;

- easiness in conducting international trade – the 155th place;

- simplicity in liquidating enterprises – the 65th place;

- simplicity in connecting to power supply system – the 143d place;

- simplicity in receiving construction licenses – the 156th place.

Recently the implementation of the ARI procedure allowing to simplify business conditions in the country has influenced on some of these indicators mainly on registration of business and property rights, taxation level, connecting to power supply system and receiving construction licenses.

As the ARI procedure efficiency depends on the interests of the subject of the Russian Federation in improving the conditions of conducting business activity, its budget and the economy so that the quality evaluation of implementing ARI and expert is getting the most important task in the subjects of the Russian Federation.

In 2016 the best example of the experience of carrying out the ARI procedure of the regulatory legal acts aimed at regulating the innovation sector of special attention is the draft decree of the Government of the Arkhangelsk Region "About modification of the resolution dated on October 08, 2013 No. 462-pp "About approval of the Regulations on an order of carrying out tender on provision of subsidies for the subjects of small and middle entrepreneurship on support of business projects innovation" (further – the draft of the act). After carrying out the ARI procedure the following provisions introducing excessive restrictions for subjects of innovation activities have been excluded from the draft of the act:

- the legal entity or the individual entrepreneur can take part in tender on receiving a subsidy if at the moment of making decision about its procurement they work in the innovation sector more than one year;

- availability of Research and Development in a company as quantitative criterion for evaluating requests for receiving such subsidy.

These requirements complicated participating in such tender on receiving the subsidy of small innovative firms as well as startups. The second requirement, in turn, has been oriented on innovative activities assessment in the current and already developed companies performing costs for their Research and Development.

For the purpose of enhancing the institutional environment for conducting innovative business in the Khabarovsk territory in 2016 there had been planned the inspection of the current law of the Khabarovsk territory dated on October 30, 2013 No. 317 "About the state support of innovation activities in the Khabarovsk territory " identifying valid provisions in the law and launching excessive obligations, prohibitions and restrictions for the subjects of business and investment activities performing or planning to implement innovations.

To sum up the results of the ARI Institute implementation in advancing innovative development of entrepreneurship is too early. However, in contrary to identifying the concept "Sharp Respiratory Viral Infection" ARI has become like «the vaccine" for preventing and treating federal and regional legislation system from unreasonable decisions which complicate doing business from the part of the public authorities.

Literature and the sources:

1. Федеральный закон от 02 июля 2013 г. № 176-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон «Об общих принципах организации законодательных (представительных) и исполнительных органов государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации»» и ст.ст. 7 и 46 Федерального закона «Об общих принципах организации местного самоуправления в Российской Федерации».

2. Постановление правительства Хабаровского края от 26 июня 2012 г. № 212-пр «Об утверждении Государственной программы Хабаровского края «Инновационное развитие и модернизация экономики Хабаровского края»».

3. Исследование Всемирного банка: ведение бизнеса в 2015 г. –.–Режим доступа: http://gtmarket.ru/news/2014/10/29/6969 (дата обращения: 15.06.2016).

4. Халимендик, В. Б. Экономические и правовые аспекты регулирования инновационной деятельности в Хабаровском крае / В. Б. Халимендик // Экономические науки. – 2013. – № 4 (101). – С. 63 – 66.