Gareeva Irina A.

This article presents an analysis of the living space marginalization processes in the cities of the Far East of Russia, which represents a specific form of socio-spatial exclusion. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a comprehensive approach towards analyzing living space marginalization, considering the specific features of the Far Eastern region, and in creating the typology of marginalized living spaces. The aim of the study is to identify the mechanisms and features of the living space marginalization in Far Eastern cities and to develop a typology of marginalized living spaces in order to formulate scientifically based approaches to their reintegration into the urban structure. The study draws on data from a comprehensive analysis of transformation processes affecting the barracks housing, Khrushchev-eramicrodistrictsandabandonedresidentialbuildingslocatedin Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Irkutsk, and Yakutsk. The paper identifies the mechanisms of marginalization, particularly economic deprivation, infrastructure degradation, and the social stigmatization of spaces. Empirical studies have been conducted in the region's largest cities: Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Irkutsk and Yakutsk, each having their own unique features in historical, cultural and socioeconomic contexts. The article describes the mechanisms of marginalization, based on structural, spatial, social, and institutional factors. It has been found out that structural factors are linked with macroeconomic processes and the nature of regional policy. Key spatial factors include geographic location, transport accessibility and the quality of the urban environment, which in uence the appeal of the territories for investment and residence. Social factors, conditioned by migration, social mobility and identity formation, in uence the social structure of these territories and perpetuate the model of social exclusion.

The article addresses the issue of public awareness and its impact on the formation of attitudes and behavioral strategies in the fi of health preservation. The relevance of the topic is driven by the need to reduce socio-economic risks associated with the deterioration of public health and the transition from a purely medical paradigm to a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, in which the level of knowledge, awareness, and citizen engagement in health-related issues plays a crucial role. Theoretical foundations of the concept of “health preservation” are explored, emphasizing the importance of the informational factor in making decisions in favor of a healthy lifestyle, participating in preventive measures, and seeking timely medical care. The concept of “awareness” is interpreted as a combination of knowledge, beliefs, trust in information sources, and as an indicator of readiness for health-preserving behavior. Special attention is given to sources of health information, including offi medical channels, mass media, educational and corporate programs. Based on a sociological survey conducted among residents of Khabarovsk, current behavioral patterns, levels of awareness, and the degree of practical application of acquired knowledge are identifi Factors hindering the adoption of health-preserving practices-such as distrust of information, low motivation, and limited accessibility of preventive programs-are also revealed. The article concludes with the need to develop a regional information and communication policy in the fi of public health aimed at expanding reliable health information channels, increasing public awareness, and fostering a sustainable culture of health-preserving behavior. The fi can be used in the development and refi of regional programs for disease prevention and health promotion.

The article examines the socio-professional stratifi of the regional labor market using the case of the Khabarovsk Territory. It analyzes objective statistical indicators determining wage levels, professional demand, educational requirements for employees, and workforce availability within various economic sectors. The study aims at identifying and analyzing factors infl the formation of the socio-professional structure of the regional labor market and developing recommendations aimed at mitigating identifi imbalances. Based on the fi of a sociological study, the authors analyze how the phenomenon of occupational prestige affects youth life strategies, social mobility, and migration intentions, thus shaping socio-professional differentiation in the region. The article considers social and economic aspects that infl young people’s occupational choices, as well as explores the causes behind existing workforce shortages in key sectors of the economy and social services in the Khabarovsk Territory. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for improving vocational guidance systems and enhancing social regulation of occupational choice among youth, taking into account socio-professional differentiation in the regional labor market.

The article presents the concept of the formation of health-preserving spots in suburban areas as new forms of recreational environment for health-preservation, communication and leisure, providing the example of a project in the city of Khabarovsk. The project aims to create a unique recreational area in a sharply continental climate and a city of an average population. The project expands the health-preserving opportunities of the urban population to restore health and relax all year round. The purpose of the study is to identify the needs and analyze the possibilities of using the available recreational spots of suburban areas of the city to create particular zones for recreation, sports and leisure. The theoretical foundation of the research is the works by K. Lorenz, E. Toffler and others. [Lorenz, 1998; Toffler, 2002]. The authors hypothesize the relationship of health-preserving opportunities with the formation of special comfortable spots. The paper uses sociological studies about health preserving traditions of city population conducted by a group of researchers of the N. A. Semashko Research Institute and our own research (two focus groups among residents of the city of Khabarovsk). The results of the interview showed that residents of Khabarovsk consider the idea of creating well-maintained special zones in the suburbs, where it is possible to spend free time with health benefits, attractive. The interdisciplinary approach allows us to view the issue from the city-sociological and architectural angles. The article discusses the need to develop a concept for the use of health-preserving spots and the creation of special conditions to address the issue. The authors propose specific organizational ways to build health-preserving spots in suburban areas.

The article presents analysis of inclusion of the health-saving spaces in the urban environment. Based on the analysis of the main theories and concepts that are the theoretical basis of the stated problem, the authors try to fi out the vernacular ideas of citizens about the role and purpose of the spaces in which they live, work, and rest. A relationship has been identifi between the presence or proximity of health-preserving spaces relative to vernacular areas and the assessment of the level of “well-being” of such areas. To confi their hypothesis, the authors use sociological research. In conclusion, it is concluded that the mental perception of residents of the city of Khabarovsk does not form a clear idea of a health-saving urban space. At the same time, patterns of health-saving behavior among city residents differ depending on their predominant location in different areas of the city of Khabarovsk.

The article examines social problems that have arisen in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on changing the population's usual health strategies. Based on a review of different sources, conclusions are drawn that similar social situations associated with infectious diseases have repeatedly arisen in the society. However, at this stage, heads of the governments and international organizations are included in the decision-making process, and implementation of the decisions concerns the overwhelming number of citizens of the world community.Some decisions are restrictive, and some are coercive. The purpose of this article is to consider the extent to which changes in the social situation affect people's behavior, their personal life strategies, in particular health strategies, the reasonableness of making individual decisions in relation to health, their assessments of the epidemic situation, and building relationships with social institutions. The empirical base is the data of our own empirical research, as well as secondary materials. Empirical part of the study is based on data from the author's survey conducted in 2020-2021 (December-March), in Khabarovsk (n-227) and data from sociological survey and materials of the joint analytical report by VTsIOM and ANO “Special Opinion Research Center” (April 2021).

The article presents analysis of the current demographic situation associated with the reproductive activity of population. Rosstat data, secondary studies of attitudes, behavior, opinions and attitudes of the population in relation to reproductive behavior are given. As a theoretical justifi the author relies on the theory of R. Inglehart, which is based on the idea of a cultural transition from an industrial society to a post-industrial. Another theoretical approach chosen by the author defi the role of emancipative values and implies freedom of choice and equal opportunities (K Welzel). According to the author, these are important structural elements that expand the understanding of the concept of «reproductive behavior». Reproductive behavior can be viewed from the point of view as a medical phenomenon associated with conception, childbearing and childbirth and medical impact; as a socio-political phenomenon associated with the decisions and measures of authorities at all levels to improve the demographic situation. Purpose - on the basis of a comprehensive analysis, to identify the main changes and trends in the development of the demographic situation associated with reproductive behavior, to identify factors that act both motivating and destabilizing reproductive activity of the population.